Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Bio 101 > Unit 1 The Diversity of Life > Flashcards

Unit 1 The Diversity of Life Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Physics 101 flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the Seven Pillars ofm life ?

A 
Program
Improvisation
Compartmentalization
Energy
Regeneration
Adaptability
Seclusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does the pillar “Program” stands for ? Can you give an example ?

A

It means that the organism has an organized plan to maintain the chemical reactions and interactions for survival.
Eg: DNA contains the “program” in the form of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the pillar “Improvisation” stands for ?

A

It means the capacatity to change the program over time (evolution)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the pillar “Adaptability” stands for ?

A

It is the hability to respond to stimuli in the form of a behavioural response (eg: removing hand from hot surface)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the difference between an eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell ? What does it mean for the internal structure of the cell ?

A

The eukaryotic cell has its DNA insine the nucleus and is usually larger than the prokaryotic cell, which has its DNA free within the cell membrane.
This means that prokaryotes have no internal membranes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrauphs ?

A

Heterotrauphs need to ingest organic substances (other things that were once alive) to get the carbon for their nutrition, whereas autotrophs can synthesize carbon from inorganic sources (CO2 and photosynthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a cell wall ?

A

It is another structure outside of the external cell membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Explain homeostasis

A

A system maintain homeostasis if mechanisms exist such that some parameters are always maintained within a given range (exemple: body temperature)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

According to the 3 Domain system, what are the 3 domain ?

A

There is the Bacteria, Archea and Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the difference in the membrane of the cells belonging to the 3 different domains ?

A

Bacteria and Eukarya membranes are made with fatty acids, whereas Archea membranes are made of hydrocarbons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are introns ? Which domain(s) possess(es) introns (3 domains system) ?

A

Introns are parts of the DNA that do not code for protein synthesis. Only Eucarya has introns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type (eukaryote/prokaryote) of cell each domain (3DS) contains ? What conclusion can we derive from this information ?

A

Bacteria and Archea are prokaryotes, whereas Eucarya are eukaryotes.
This means that Bacteria and Archea are closer in the tree of evolution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How did organelles possibly originated in eukaryotic cells? What about the nucleus ? What does it causes to the internal structure of the cells ?

A

The supposed process is called endosymbiosis. It is the process by which a bigger organism engulfes a smaller one (eg: tries to eat it, but is not digested). If the incident profits to both, the mutation will be passed to future generations.
For the nucleus, the process might have been “infolding.” According to the theory, the external membrane might have been fold to protect the DNA in the nucleus from reacting with proteins floating around. In the end, the result is that organelles in the cell have DOUBLE membranes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 macromolecules ?

A

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which molecules can be used for energy ? Which can be synthesized by the body ?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids can be used for energy, but all macromolecules are produced by the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which macromolecule(s) is/are made of amino acids ?

A

Protein are the only macromolecules made from amino acids

17
Q

How different are the compostion of the different macromolecules ?

A

Carbohydrates are made of C, H and O with a ratio of 1 C to 1 H2O.
Lipids contain the same constituents, but are made of a Glycerol backbone, then a chain of C with OH and H on each side.
Proteins contain in addition Nitrogen.
Finally, nucleic acids are made of nucleotides, a molecules.

18
Q

Which macromolecules are polymers ?

A

Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are polymers.

19
Q

Which function(s) is/are shared by carbohydrates and lipids?

A

They both provide energy, and can both be used for structure

20
Q

Which function(s) is/are shared by proteins and lipids?

A

They can both serve as hormones

21
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms ?

A 
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Protista
Fungi
Animalia
Planta
22
Q

Which kingdom is associated with each domain ?

A

Bacteria : Eubacteria
Archaea: Archaebacteria
Eukarya: Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Planta

23
Q

What are the sub-kingdoms of the protista and their common names ?

A

Amoebozoa/Unikont (fungi-like)
Archaeplastida (Algae/plant-like)
Chroanoflagellata (Animal-like)

24
Q

Which kingdoms are (mostly or all) unicellulars ? Which are multicellular ?

A

Unicellular: Eubactaria, Archaebacteria, all Protista (Archaeplastida are sometimes multicellular)
Multicellular: Fungi (yeasts are unicellulars), Animalia, Planta

25
Q

Which kingdoms are made of mostly autotrophs ? Heterotrophs ?

A

Autotrophs: Protista (Algae-like) and Planta
Heterotrophs: Fungi-like and animal-like protista, Fungi and Animalia
Both: Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

26
Q

Compare the cell walls of the organisms of the different kingdoms.

A

Only Animalia and animal-like protists have no cell walls.
Fungi-like protists and Planta have cellulose cell walls, altough SOME planta-like protists have such a structure
Fungi have chitin cell walls
Eubacteria have cross-linked chains of peptoglycan (polymer of amino acids and sugars)
Archaebacteria have pseudopeptoglycan cell walls or polysaccharides

27
Q

In what order the different Kingdoms appeared ?

A 
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Animal-like protista
Algae-like protista
Fungi-like protista
Fungi
Animalia
Planta
28
Q

Which kingdoms have to potential to reproduce sexually ?

A

Algae-like protista, Fungi, Animalia and Planta

29
Q

Which kingdoms have the potential to reproduce asexually ?

A

Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, all protista and Fungi

Bio 101 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions