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History > Unit 1 test vocab > Flashcards

Unit 1 test vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

The first form of self-government in the New World

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2
Q

George III

A

King of Great Britain who was at odds with American colonists, wanted them to pay war debt for French and Indian War

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3
Q

Parliament

A

Elected officials in England whose job it is to help the king make government decisions

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4
Q

Seven Years War/ French and Indian War

A

A war fought by France and England over the land between the Mississippi River and the Appalachian Mountain Range

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5
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Forbid all settlers from settling in the Ohio Valley (west of the Appalachian Mountains) and any settlers there were to move back

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6
Q

Sugar Act

A

Tax on molasses (sugar), colonists grudgingly paid

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7
Q

Stamp Act

A

A tax on legal papers, marriage licences, diplomas, and other papers
Colonists acted violently, petitioned Parliament, boycott English goods

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8
Q

Declaratory Act

A

Parliament had the right to pass any future tax laws

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9
Q

Townshend Act

A

Tax on imported goods, lead, glass, paper, paint, and tea

Repealed all but tea after colonial boycott

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10
Q

What was the fundamental cause of the Revolutionary War?

A

They thought of themselves as Americans rather than British subjects
There was no nobility
Your birth was not an indicator of your success
You were free to read newspapers and and criticize the government

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11
Q

Samuel Adams

A

Leading rabble rouser, leading spokesman for American independence, a thourn in the side of the British

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12
Q

Sons of Liberty

A

A secret organization that made life uncomfortable for British authorities.

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13
Q

Quartering Act

A

Required that colonists provide lodging to British soldiers and supply them with fuel, candles and beer or cider

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14
Q

Boston Massacre

A

A snowball fight that ended up with British soldiers firing into a crowd killing 5 colonists.

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15
Q

John Adams

A

Defends the soldiers accused in the Boston Massacre

Member of the Continental Congresses, signer of the Declaration of Independence

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16
Q

Fort Ticonderoga

A

May of 1775 Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys take the fort without a single shot.The purpose of taking the fort was to seize weapons and deliver them to Washington in Boston.

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17
Q

“Shot Heard Round the World”

A

The Battle of Lexington and Concord where the British Regulars came in contact with minute men on April 19. The British heard that the colonists were storing a cache of weapons in Concord. This battle happens before the Declaration of Independence

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18
Q

Battle of Breeds (Bunker) Hill

A

A battle in June of 1775 that although victorious for the British was costly, with 1,504 casualties 92 of them officers to 100 colonists. A moral victory for the colonists who only retreated because they ran out of bullets

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19
Q

Battle of Lexington and Concord

A

The British Regulars fought the militia of Massachusetts. Paul Revere and two other men warned colonists that the Regulars were coming and to hide their weapons. The first battle of the Revolutionary War, fought before the Declaration of Independence

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20
Q

What was the leading cause of death to Americans fighting in the Revolutionary War?

A

12,000 Americans died on British prison ships

DISEASES, some caused by unsanitary hospital treatment

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21
Q

How was the Continental Army able to beat the best army in the world at the time?

A

They were daring they didn’t fight “fair”
They had new technology
They wanted it more- Britain hired mercenaries who had no reason to fight other than a paycheck
True “American GrIt”
The Americans out spied the British
Leadership- George Washington

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22
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Main author of the Declaration of Independence

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23
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Formal document sent to King George III declaring that the English colonies were now an independent country The United States of America

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24
Q

Unalienable Rights

A

Your God given rights of Life. Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness

25
Q

According to Thomas Jefferson, why does the government exist? How do governments acquire power? What is meant by “consent of the governed”?

A

Governments exist to protect people’s rights and property.
Governments get their power from the people
Consent of the governed is that people elect representatives to work in the government and if the representatives are not doing their job then the people can vote them out and elect a new representative

26
Q

According to the Declaration of Independence, what can people do if the government isn’t fulfilling its responsibilities?

A

If the government is not protecting its citizens rights and property then the people can alter or abolish (change or get rid of) the government and create a new government

27
Q

What are the four parts of the Declaration of Independence

A

Statement of purpose
Responsibilities of a government
Examples of wrongdoing by English government
Formal declaration of independence

28
Q

Common Sense

A

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that encouraged colonists to seek independence as staying a colony was hurting the colonies economically among other things.

29
Q

Thomas Paine

A

Writer of the pamphlet Common Sense and the Crisis. Common sense encouraged colonists to see Independence from Great Britain.

30
Q

What did most colonists believe about themselves?

A

They thought of themselves as loyal British subjects who had been denied the rights and liberties of Englishmen

31
Q

John Hancock

A

President of the Second Continental Congress, he gave a lot of his own money to pay the expenses of the congress. He thought he was the only one to sign the Declaration of Independence so wrote large.
Also behind Samuel Adams one of the most wanted men by the British government.

32
Q

Olive Branch Petition

A

The last document sent to King George III asking to be allowed to govern themselves. The King ignored it, thus the Declaration of Independence was written.

33
Q

Second Continental Congress

A

Met in Philadelphia after no response from King George in May of 1775
They created the Continental Army
They named George Washington as commander in chief and named four major generals
They sent the Olive Branch Petition
They drafted and signed the Declaration of Independence

34
Q

What was important about the Declaration of Rights and Grievances?

A

Colonist believed that as English subjects they should be able to have the right of self-government and have all restrictive laws from the Proclamation of 1763 repealed.

35
Q

First Continental Congress

A

56 delegates from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia in September of 1774.
They wrote the Declaration of Rights and Grievances
They called for each colony to establish Committees of Inspection

36
Q

George Washington

A

Elected Commander and Chief of the Continental Army

37
Q

Boston Port Act- also called the Intolerable or Coercive Acts by the colonists

A

Closed the port of Boston till the tea was paid for
Increased the power of the royal governor, decreased the power of the Massachusetts legislature
strengthened the Quartering Act (more soldiers in the homes)
Any colonist accused of a crime against the crown tried in England

38
Q

Boston Tea Party

A

100 men (Sons of Liberty) who dressed up as Mohawk Indians who boarded three ships and throughout or threw overboard the tea in the ships holds

39
Q

Boston Tea Act

A

The only tax left for the colonists to pay

Causes the Boston Tea Party- the destroying of 342 boxes of tea

40
Q

Committee of Correspondence

A

Men who wrote letters back and forth to each other to inform people what the British authorities were up to in their cities and colonies

41
Q

Paul Revere

A

Silversmith, engraver who used propaganda to show “fake news” about the Boston Massacre
Will ride to warn the people of Lexington and Concord that the British regular army is coming

42
Q

Loyalist

A

A colonist living in America who remained loyal to Britain, they did not want independence

43
Q

Patriot

A

Colonist who supported and fought for independence from Britain

44
Q

Hessian

A

30,000 German mercenaries hired by King George III to help fight in the Amerian Revolution

45
Q

Baron Friedrich Von Steuben

A

A Prussian officers who came to help the Continental Army at Valley Forge. He taught skills and proper military hygiene

46
Q

Francis Marion (Swamp Fox)

A

A Southern colonist who excelled at Guerilla Warfare. His small troops would attack and then hide in the swamps.

47
Q

John Paul Jones

A

An American Navy captain who defeated a British war ship, He famously yelled that he “had not begun to fight” When his ship began sinking.

48
Q

Battle of Long Island

A

First battle where Washington and the Continental Army fights in a large field. Washington realizes that he can not fight the British Army this way.

49
Q

Battle of Trenton

A

After crossing the Delaware River on Christmas Eve, Washington and his troops surprised the Hessians at Trenton. This was a victory and also a morale boost for Americans

50
Q

Battle of Saratoga

A

This is known as the turning point in the war.
France, Spain and the Netherlands sent troops, supplies and naval help to the colonists after the Continental Army soundly defeats the British

51
Q

Why was the winter spent in Valley Forge so important to Washington’s Army?

A

Though they didn’t have enough supplies, Baron Von Steuben was sent to the camp where he taught the men how to fight, and about how to set up a proper camp- hygiene
Smallpox “shots” where given
A trained army begins to fight

52
Q

Battle of Monmouth

A

This battle surprised the British as they are now fighting a trained American Army

53
Q

Fort Ticonderoga

A

May of 1775 Ethan Allen and his Green Mountain Boys take the fort without a single shot.The purpose of taking the fort was to seize weapons and deliver them to Washington in Boston.

54
Q

General Cornwallis

A

General of the British troops who surrendered at Yorktown

55
Q

General Rochambeau

A

French general who aided the Continental army

56
Q

Battle of Yorktown

A

Last battle of the war, British Army is trapped and surrender to the Americans ending the war

57
Q

Treaty of Paris 1783

A

England had to recognize the United States as an independent country
Established the political boundaries
North- Great Lakes, Canda
West- Mississippi River
South- Spanish Florida
East- Atlantic Ocean
The United states had to pay for any Loyalist destroyed property

58
Q

Guerilla Warfare

A

Hit and Run tactics used by the Continental Army during the war, not considered fair by the British

History (1 decks)

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