Unit 1 Test Review Flashcards
Two bases of naturalistic evolution*
science and faith
teaches that God directed and controlled the processes of naturalistic evolution to “create” the world and all that is in it ~ usually referencing Days as Ages in Creation… Eve poses a special problem for this view. Eve did not come from some pre-existing form of Life; She was a special act of creation, and if she was, why not Adam also?
theistic evolution
1) The planets and stars resulted from a big-bang explosion of compressed, rotating protons and neutrons,
2) Life began completely by chance when a single cell appeared from non-living matter, and
3) Having thus begun by chance, all other living organisms have developed from that 1st and subsequent simpler forms of life, which gradually increased in complexity
3 Basic Principles of Evolution
formula for the process of evolution*
Mutations + Natural Selection x Time = Evolution
two problems with the evolutionary concept of mutations
1) Mutations are rare and almost always harmful, and
2) Where do new genes come from? ~ no mutation has produced new species or even a new organ or system in an existing species
three problems with the evolutionary concept of natural selection
1) It guarantees improvement when observation tells us it doesn’t always happen that way,
2) Single mutations may occur that are un-beneficial that needs another mutation to be beneficial, and
3) it follows a circular argument ~ Natural selection gives adaptations while adaptations show Natural Selection
required to believe that evolution could have caused by chance all life that ever did or does now exist*
An incredible amount of Faith
Through energy in the cosmos remains constant, the amount available to do useful work is always decreasing (and entropy, the measure of unavailable energy, is increasing).
second law of thermodynamics*
three problems with the evolutionary use of the fossil record
1) The Fossil argument is a circular one ~ fossils are dated by the strata and the strata are dated by the fossils,
2) There are no transitional forms that should be there if evolution occurred, and
3) Simple forms of life are found higher in strata than more complex ones
creation ex nihilo
Generally: This phrase means that God did not use any pre-existing materials in creating
the verb bara (Gen. 1)
DOES NOT inherently preclude the use of preexisting material
It proposes a way to harmonize the Genesis record with the long periods of time seemingly demanded by geology ~ gap between verses 1 & 2 Satan rebelled bringing sin to earth, God judged with a flood followed by darkness and an Ice Age where life was destroyed. The six days of Creation, then, describe a re-creation, restoration, or re-institution, not the original Creation…
Gap Theory
1) the disjunctive “waw” ~ grammar doesn’t allow for it also logically the becoming should be after creation not before,
2) “Formless and void” do not necessarily imply judgment and an evil condition,
3) It does not follow that darkness is inherently evil,
4) It interprets the meaning of “replenish” incorrectly,
5) No argument can be built on the use of “bara” in verse 1, and
6) 1 additional weakness is that no Biblical proof that Satan’s fall resulted in judgment on the earth, Adam’s fall did (Gen. 3:17-19)
Weaknesses of the Gap Theory
1) The word “day” when used with a numerical adjective in the Pentateuch always indicates a solar day,
2) The qualifying phrase “evening and morning” attached to each of the 6 days of Creation supports the meaning of the days as 24hr periods, and
3) Exodus 20:11 & 31:17 state that god made everything in the days that He rested on the 7th and this pattern serves as the basis for man’s weekly cycle
three arguments for the literal solar-day view of Creation
1) The word “day” sometimes refers to a longer, indefinite period of time,
2) Since the sun was not created till the 4th day, we may assume that the 1st 3 days were of indefinite length of time, and
3) The 7th day on which God rested was longer than 24 hrs; therefore the 1st 6 days were also. ~ However; normal interpretation of the passage (Gen 1), the use of the word day with numbers, the phrase “evening and morning”, and the two passages in Exodus constitute strong evidence that the days were solar days. How could God have said it more clearly?
Three arguments for the day-age view of Creation
1) it may indicate the existence of a vapor canopy that condensed at the time of the flood that produced the 40 days of heavy rainfall, and
2) this would have caused a drastic change in the climate of the world after the Flood and certain other results. The uniformitarianism on which dating methods are based would have been affected by this.
ramifications of the truth of a universal Flood*
The corporeal view, the non-corporeal view, a combination view, the Roman Catholic view, The neo-orthodox view
Five views of the image of God in man
it relates both the material and immaterial aspects of man to God’s image
The corporeal view
Connects the facets of Personality to the image of God
The non-corporeal view
1) Man’s body is included in the image of God,
2) to be created in the image of God means to be a living being,
3) Man is both intelligent and willful, 4) Man can have unhindered fellowship with God
A combination view
it distinguishes the Image and Likeness of God ~ likeness is superadded to man adding righteousness and holiness
Roman Catholic View
there was a formal image that could not be lost in the Fall but also a material image that was lost through the Fall
The Neo-orthodox view
The image of God in Man was not lost with the fall because to lose it would make man no longer a living rational being ~ It was defaced though not erased. Regeneration and Sanctification serve to renew the believer according to the image of Christ to whose image we shall someday be perfectly conformed.
the effect of sin on the image of God in man
Three views of the transmission of man’s immaterial aspect from generation to generation
Pre-existence, Creationism, and Traducianism
at the beginning God created all human souls which were confined in physical bodies as punishment ~ they go through various incarnations throughout history and in the process incur sinfulness
Pre-existence
God creates the soul at the moment of conception or birth and immediately unites it with the body. The soul is sinful not because its creation was somehow defective, but because of its contact with inherited guilt through the body.
Creationism
Soul is transmitted along with the body through the processes of natural generation. God rested, His work is complete. No new acts of creation take place. Creationism places God in the position of creating a perfect soul, then having it fall in the case of each newborn infant. Man is always seen as a union of soul and body - consider both psychical and physical as developing together
Traducianism
Man is composed of body, soul, and spirit ~ making the Spirit superior to the Soul and the Spirit and Soul superior to the Body… it cannot be sustained Logically, Analogically, or Scripturally…
Popular view of trichotomy*
can mean the whole person, alive or after death; it can designate the immaterial part of a person with its many feelings and emotions; and it is an important focus of spiritual redemption and growth
biblical concept of the soul*
does not indicate the whole person, but the immaterial part with its various functions and feelings. In Pauline thought it assumes prominence in relation to the Spiritual life.
biblical concept of the spirit
It is the center and seat of Intellectual, Emotional, Volitional, and Spiritual life
Heart
It is a witness within man that tells him he ought to do what he believes to be right and not to do what he believes to be wrong - it does not teach but prods - it appears only in the NT
Conscience
It includes both the faculties of perceiving and understanding as well as those of feeling, judging, and determining.
Mind
it refers to that disposition to sin and to oppose God… both the believer and unbeliever possess this capacity
flesh as it relates to man’s immaterial nature
Demands either that both Adam’s and Christ’s actions be true or both be legend or myth.
Romans 5
Adam possessed unconfirmed creature holiness. Adam was clearly without sin but had a free will and a mind capable of weighing choices.
Adam’s moral nature before the Fall
What did God want to show by setting a test for Adam?
That he wanted men to voluntarily choose to obey Him and to serve Him. He did not want automatons.
syllogism involved in Satan’s temptation of Eve
Restrictions were not good. God’s plan included a restriction. Conclusion then was that God’s plan was not good. On the other hand, Satan’s plan did not include any restrictions; therefore, it was good.
Two penalties that the Fall bring on the human race
1) A sense of guilt as evidenced by making a covering, and
2) a loss of fellowship as evidenced by hiding from God
