Unit 1 Test Prep Flashcards
What are the 3 problems with history?
The historian, the source, and the products.
Historian - biased/impacted or wrong guess
Source - Destroyed/distorted items or decay
Products - essays/articles that are one sided without all evidence
What are the 4 long term causes of the First World War?
- Militarism - glory + arms race, large amounts of weapons
- Alliance System - peacekeeping, secret teams getting pulled into war
- Imperialism - competition for colonies, rivalry over empire building
- Nationalism - devotion to a nation, starting war over pride
What are the two major alliances?
Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Triple Entente (allies) - England, France, Russia
Why did France and Germany orginally hate each other?
France and Germany hated one another because France lost Alsace-Lorraine in 1870-1871 and wanted revenge.
What are all the years for the alliances?
1881: The Three Emperors League (Dreikaiserbund) - Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary
1882: Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
- Kaiser Wilhelm became king and dumped Russia
1892: Franco-Russia Alliance - France, Russia
- Purely defensive
1902: Anglo-Japanese - England, Japan
1904: Entente Cordiale - England, France
- Friendly agreement
1907: Triple Entente - England, France, Russia
What was the Entente Cordiale and why was it significant?
A peace agreement between France and Britain in 1904, so that Britain would feel protecte in a friendly way.
Who was left out when the Triple Alliance was formed?
In 1882, Russia was left out of the triple alliance and in response to that, Russia created the Franco-Russia alliance with France in 1892.
What did Kaiser Wilhelm say as a threat to the largest empire?
He said that Germany wanted ‘a place in the sun’ like Britain had.
How many Dreadnoughts did Germany and Britain have by the year 1914?
Britian had 29, Germany had 17.
What piece of German legislation was passed that lead to anger in Britain?
The German Navy Law was passed to build dreadnoughts like Britain.
How many men did Germany, Russia, France, and Austria-Hungary have ready to fight before WW1?
Germany - 8.5 Million
France - 3.5 Million
Russia - 4.4 Million
Austria-Hungary - 3 Million
What was war seen as?
War was seen as a valid means of foreign policy.
Who’s army was considered the biggest in 2924?
Germany
Why did everyone want dreadnoughts?
They had really good range
What are reserves?
People that are trained for war but stay home to keep society running.
What are the 4 crisises of 1905-1914?
1905 - the 1st Moroccan Crisis
1908 - Bosnian Crisis
1911 - the 2nd Moroccan Crisis
1914 - Serajevo Crisis
Describe the timeline of the steps to WW1?
July 5, 1914 - Germany sends Austria a blank cheque
July 23, 1914 - Ultimatum
July 25, 1914 - Serbia reply
July 28, 1914 - Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
July 31, 1914 - Russia mobilizes for war
Describe the Sarajevo crisis?
On June 28th, 1914, Archduke Franz Ferdinand visited Sarajevo on his wedding anniversary with Sophie on Serbia’s national day. Gavril Princip, apart of the ‘black hand’, sees the Archduke and his wife on a new route and shoots them both.
What happened on July 28th, 1914?
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia and justifies this by saying “this cannot be accepted as it is a violation of the constitution and of criminal procedure.”
What is the Willy-Nicky Telegram?
Tsar Nicholas sent a telegram assuring that the mobilization is not against Germany.
When did the Turco-German Alliance start and when did Turkey join the war?
Turkey joined the war on October 29th and the Turco-German alliance was top secret and started in August of that year.
What happened during the 2nd battle of Ypres?
Germany uses poisonous gas against the Canadians. Canada loses 6500 people.
Battles, go?
Gallipoli (Dardanelle Campaign) : Feb 17 1915 - Jan 9 1916
Lusitania - May 7 1915
Battle of Loos : Sept 25 1915 - Oct 8 1915
Verdun : Feb 21 1916 - Dec18 1916
Jutland : May 31 1916 - Jun 1 1916
Somme : July 1 1916 - nov 18 1916
Brusilov Offensive : June 4 1916 - Sept 20 1916
What are the three biggest offensives?
1st - Verdun “we shall bleed them white with one superior guns”
2nd - Somme (Brit Offensive)
3rd - Brusilov Offensive (Russian Victory)
