Unit 1 Test Part 1 Flashcards
What is the literal definition of psychology?
study of the soul
What are the 2 big issues in psychology?
Nature vs. Nurture; Mind & Body
_______ suggests that the brain is physical and the mind is something else (the mind is “divine”)
Dualism
the mind controls the body
Classical Dualism
the mind and the body are isolated – exist in separate worlds
Parallelism
the brain causes the mind
Epiphenomenalism
________ suggests that the brain and mind are one in the same
Monism
both the mind and body exist in a mental realm
Idealism
_______ suggests that the entire universe exists in the mind (John Mulchovich)
Solipsism
both the mind and body are physical; there is no non-physical mental world
Materialism
Psychologist who proposed evolution
Darwin
Father of Psychology
Established first psych lab
Hoped to measure atoms of the mind
Wilhelm Wundt
Structuralism
Focused on introspection
“What?”
Studied basic elements of conscious experience
Edward Titchener
Functionalism
Focused on the purpose of behavior
“Why?”
William James
Wilhelm Wundt, Edward Titchener, and William James
Introspection
Psychodynamic
Focused on the unconscious mind
How do underlying forces determine conflict, motivation, and desires?
Sigmund Freud
Behaviorism
Dismissed introspection
Believed in observable behavior only
John Watson
Gestalt
Thinking, learning, and perception
“The whole is greater than the sum of its parts”
Max Wertheimer
_________ psychology uses ideas, theories, and research from multiple perspectives according to the needs of clients
Eclectic
Hereditary/biochemical processes
Brain & nervous system, genetics, hormones
James Olds, Roger Sperry, David Hubel
Biological Approach
Environmental/stimulus, conditions
Specific overt responses
John B. Watson, B.F. Skinner, Ivan Pavlov
Behavioral Approach
Stimulus conditions/mental processes
Thoughts and language
Jean Piaget, Noam Chomsky, Herbert Spencer, George Miller
Cognitive Approach
Unique aspects of “human experience”
Human potential, self-actualization
Carl Rogers, A. Maslow
Humanistic Approach
Early life experiences
Unconscious drives and conflicts
Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler
Psychodynamic Approach
Cultural Norms
Cross-cultural patterns of attitude and behavior
P. Greenfield, John Berry
Socio-Cultural Approach
Natural selection/adaptive processes
Behavior in terms of adaptive value
David Buss, Martin Daly, Margo Wilson
Evolutionary Approach
human development across the lifespan; womb to womb which includes infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age
Developmental Subfield
interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces in governing behavior; includes attitude formation, prejudice, attraction, etc.
Social Subfield
how people learn and the best way to teach them; includes curriculum design, teacher training, achievement testing, etc.
Educational Subfield
how psychology factors relate to the maintenance of physical health and the causation, prevention, and treatment of illness
Health Subfield
the influence of genetic factors on behavior and the role of the brain, nervous system, etc. in the regulation of behavior
Physiological Subfield
encompasses the traditional core topics of psychology; sensation, perception, learning, conditioning, motivation, and emotion
Experimental Subfield
“higher” mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, information processing, problem solving, decision-making, etc.
Cognitive Subfield
describing/understanding individuals’ consistency in behavior; factors that shape personality and personality assessment
Personality Subfield
the measurement of behavior and capacities, usually through the development of psychological tests
Psychometrics Subfield
