Unit 1 Test - Amy's Class

Question 1

Moment to moment control of acid-base balance is maintained by the ____

Answer 1

Lungs

Question 2

Which organ is responsible for eliminating the most acid per day?

Answer 2

Lungs

Question 3

A high pH results from ____ H+ concentration

Answer 3

Low

Question 4

A substance that tends to donate a H+ to a solution is a/an ___

Answer 4

Acid

Question 5

To tell if a patient has a metabolic condition, you would look at the ___

Answer 5

HCO3

Question 6

The single-best indicator of overall acid-base balance is ___

Answer 6

pH

Question 7

How much HCO3 change in order for arterial pH to become more alkaline?

Answer 7

Increase

Question 8

Define a volatile acid:

Answer 8

Acid that can be excreted in its gaseous form (CO2)

Question 9

What are the 3 sources of non-volatile acids?

Answer 9

Renal acids, Lactic acids, Keto acids

Question 10

Calculate pH given a PaCO2 of 65 torr and a HCO3 of 25 meq/L

Answer 10

7.2

Question 11

To tell if a patient has a respiratory problem, what factor would you look at?

Answer 11

PaCO2

Question 12

Define hypoxemia:

Answer 12

Low O2 levels in the blood

Question 13

T or F: Ketones are produced as the end product when cellular glucose is inadequate

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Define acidemia:

Answer 14

When blood pH is <7.35

Question 15

Define alkalemia:

Answer 15

Blood pH >7.45

Question 16

Assessment of ABG’s requires evaluation of which parameter first?

Answer 16

pH

Question 17

In a critical care patient, acceptable minimal oxygen tension would be?

Answer 17

60 torr

Question 18

Calculate predicted PaO2 on 50% O2:

Answer 18

250 torr (50x5)

Question 19

Define uncorrected hypoxemia:

Answer 19

PaO2 < minimum normal value of 80 torr (just less than 80 torr)

Question 20

Levels of Hypoxemia

Answer 20

Normal: 80-100
Moderate: 60-100
Mild: 40-60
Severe: <40

Question 21

How does the respiratory system compensate for a low HCO3 level?

Answer 21

Decrease CO2

Question 22

A patient with COPD will have what type of blood gases?

Answer 22

Compensate respiratory acidosis

Question 23

The best treatment for a patient with excessively corrected hypoxemia is ____

Answer 23

Turn down/off oxygen

Question 24

Respiratory acidosis may also be called:

Answer 24

Ventilatory failure

Question 25

A blood gas is considered compensated when:

Answer 25

pH is normal

Question 26

Normal PaO2

Answer 26

80-100 torr

Question 27

Normal PaCO2

Answer 27

35-45 torr

Question 28

SaO2

Answer 28

92%-100%

Question 29

Normal HCO3

Answer 29

22-26 meq/L

Question 30

Normal PvO2

Answer 30

40 tor

Question 31

Normal PvCO2

Answer 31

46 torr

Question 32

Normal SvO2

Answer 32

70%-75%

Question 33

Normal PAO2

Answer 33

100 torr

Question 34

Normal A-aDO2

Answer 34

<20 torr

Question 35

Normal pH

Answer 35

7.35-7.45

Question 36

Patients with a metabolic alkalosis:

Answer 36

Hypothermia, diabetic therapy, gastric suctioning, vomiting

Question 37

Patients with a metabolic acidosis:

Answer 37

Lactic acids, renal acids, keto acids, diarrhea

Question 38

Patients with a respiratory alkalosis:

Answer 38

Anything that causes hyperventilation, hypoxemia, CNS stimulation, emotional disorders, pain, fear, anxiety, pulmonary embolisms

Question 39

Patients with a respiratory acidosis:

Answer 39

Anything that causes hypoventilation, CNS depression, drugs, trauma, neurological or neuromuscular diseases, fatigue, following a respiratory disease, COPD

Question 40

Anaerobic metabolism results in the production of ____ acids

Answer 40

Lactic

Question 41

From the following calculate the amount of bicarb that should be given to the patient: The patient weighs 170 lbs with a BD of 12 _____

Answer 41

115.9 meq/L

Question 42

What is the purpose of insulin?

Answer 42

Utilize glucose

Question 43

A high BUN and creatine indicate:

Answer 43

Kidney failure

Question 44

Breathing patterns