Unit 1 TEST

Question 1

Simulation

Answer 1

Modeling a real-life situation

Question 2

Trial

Answer 2

One “complete” simulation

Question 3

Component

Answer 3

All the “pieces” that make up one trial

Question 4

Response Variable

Answer 4

A trial’s outcome

Question 5

Simple Random Mass (SRS)

Answer 5

Pick a (sample size) objects out of a hat so every combination is equally likely

1) Unbiased: equal chance for everybody
2) Selection of one person does not change chance of another person being picked

Question 6

Parameter

Answer 6

A # that describes a population (unattainable)

Exact % of people

Can be a proportion or mean/average

Question 7

Sampling Frame

Answer 7

Available people in the population to sample

Question 8

Stratified Sample

Answer 8

Divide population into homogeneous groups and take a random sample from each

Boys and girls seperate

Question 9

Cluster Sample

Answer 9

Groups population into clusters and randomly samples from each (SRS)

Less representative than stratified

Classrooms or streets

Question 10

Systematic Sampling

Answer 10

Pick every Kth person to sample

Question 11

Opportunity/Convenience sample

Answer 11

Prone to bias

People pick to participate in sample

Question 12

Biases

Answer 12

1) Voluntary response bias—choose to participate
2) Response bias—tell researchers what they want to hear
3) Under coverage bias—group not included in the sample
4) Wording of question—leading “correct” responses with wording
5) Non-response bias—choose not to participate in study

Question 13

Bias vs Variability

Answer 13

Bias: accuracy of the statistic—sampling method

Variability: precision of a statistic—size of sample

Question 14

Clinical trials

Answer 14

Experiments that study the effectiveness of medical treatments on actual patients.

Question 15

Levels

Answer 15

The specific values that the experimenter chooses for a factor

Question 16

Treatment

Answer 16

Combination of specific levels from all factors

Question 17

3 Principles of Experimental Design

Answer 17

Control: compare

Randomize: never pick/always random

Replication: lots of subjects

Question 18

Blocking

Answer 18

reduces variation—a group of subjects known before experiment

Question 19

Match Pairs Design

Answer 19

subjects who are similar in ways not understudy may be matched and then compared with each other on the variables of interest.

Question 20

Blind

Answer 20

when we know what treatment was assigned

Single-blind: all individuals in either one is blinded

Double-blind: both classes are blind