Unit 1 Test Flashcards
What congregation settled Plymouth?
Scrooby
Who journeyed to China and gave insight about it in his Description of the World?
Marco Polo
Who sailed southward along the west coast of Africa and rounded its southern cape, which he optimistically called the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias
Who sailed all the way around Africa to India and later returned with spices worth sixty times the cost of his expedition?
Vasco da Gama
Who believed that the shortest route to the east was west and reached america on October 12, 1492?
Christopher Columbus
Who realized that Columbus had reached a new land?
He named this land after himself.
Amerigo Vespucci
Who reached New Foundland in his search for a passage to China?
John Cabot
Who is credited for making a trip around the world in three years?
Ferdinand Magellan
What man is known for rebelling against the Roman Catholic church with his ninety five theses and is credited for starting the Protestant Reformation?
Martin Luther
The movement that pressed for great changes in the culture of Europe
Protestant Reformation
Geneva’s most influential teacher that taught that salvation was God’ work and that sinners needed simply to trust in Christ
John Calvin
How did mercantilism affect the age of exploration?
It led to national desires to build colonial empires that would serve as both sources of riches and raw materials
Foreign products were more expensive than domestic products
What are some similarities between Indians and Europeans?
- Shared interest in religion
- Experience in farming
- lived in villages
- conducted trade with other people
- social organization
- fought wars
What are some similarities among Indian Groups/
- Darker skin, hair, and eyes
- No written language
- Deep faith in supernatural
- Shamans (medicine men)
Differences between Indians and Europeans
- ethnic differences
- Indians had minimal technology and did not use iron
- Europeans had a written language
- Architectural styles and building materials
Differences between Indian Groups
- Different languages
- Different houses
- Warfare and peaceful way of life
How did the Indian groups get to America?
Many historians believe that there was a land bridge, which they call Beringia, which connected the two continents, and that the people walked over it
Who was the first great conquistador?
Hernando Cortes
Who commanded an expedition that left Mexico in 1540 to explore what would later be the southwestern US?
Francisco de Coronado
Who sailed up the east coast of the Florida peninsula and landed near modern day St. Augustine, claimimg it for Spain?
Juan Ponce de Leon
What Spanish explorer discovered the Mississippi River?
Hernando de Soto
What famous Sea dog under Elizabeth 1 helped England destroy the Spanish ship the Spanish Armada in 1588?
Sir Francis Drake (and his cousin Sir John Hawkins)
Why was the defeat of the Spanish Armada so providential?
It allowed England to secure the future for Protestants
Stopped Catholicism from ruling in the Americas
And spelled the end of the Spanish century and the beginning to English dominance
Who sponsored a trip to Roanoke Island?
Sir Walter Raleigh
What colony is known as the lost colony?
Has anything been determined as to what happened to the people?
Roanoke Colony
No
Where did the French settle in the New World and what did they call it?
Canada (they called it “New France)
Who discovered and claimed New York for the Dutch?
Henry Hudson
What did the Dutch call New York?
What was the capital?
New Netherland
New Amsterdam
Who was the most famous governor of New York?
Peter Stuyvesant
the name given to a small colony along the Delaware River in parts of what today is Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania.
New Sweden
Who was the first governor of New Sweden?
Peter Minuit
What provided a means whereby enterprises could obtain large monetary resources and remain free from the government control that accompanied government-sponsored projects.
Joint-stock companies
What two companies were granted charters by King James 1 permitting them to colonize in Virginia?
London Company and the Plymouth Company
What was the first permanent English settlement in the New World?
Jamestown
Who ordered war parties to attack the colony? Not until 1614, with the marriage of his daughter Pocahontas (poh kuh HAHN tus) to the Englishman John Rolfe, did a shaky peace come to the area
Powhatan
Who improvised relations with Powhatan’s men and enforced the biblical principle of 2 Thessalonians 3:10—that everyone should earn his livelihood through diligent work.
Captain John Smith
What was the severest trial the Jamestown colonists ever faced because death by starvation became a way of life? Roughly 90 percent of the colony died during that terrible winter.
The “starving time”
The representative assembly that was an advisory and legislative body and the first self-governing assembly in the New World
House of Burgesses
Name and define the three categories of colonial government.
○ charter colony was specifically one governed by a trade company (such as the Virginia Company) that received its authorization from the king
○ proprietary arrangement, the king appointed a proprietor or proprietors (ultimately responsible to the king) to govern a colony.
○ Royal colonies were controlled directly by the crown, which meant that the king and his councilors appointed the governor directly.
What colonies were considered to be New England colonies?
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Who were the first settlers in the New England colonies?
Pilgrims (arrived on the Mayflower)
a group of Anglicans who wanted to purify the state church from within by pushing for reforms that would rid England of Romanist influences and bring greater spiritual vitality to the nation
Puritans
They believed that each local congregation should be independent of all other churches, free to worship and serve God without interference.
Wanted to separate from the church
Separatists
Who sailed from Holland on the Speedwell and was the leader and governor of the Pilgrims while they were at The Plymouth colony.
Wrote Of Plymouth Plantation.
William Bradford
What was the first document of self-government the of its kind in America
Mayflower Compact
fifty thousand settlers sailed from England to various colonies in America and the West Indies during the 1630s
The Great Migration
The driving force behind the Puritan colony and its government
John Winthrop
(legally binding relationship)
Covenant
established near Boston to train young men for the ministry
Harvard College
Who moved three congregations under his leadership into the Connecticut River Valley
Thomas Hooker
This document, which has been called the first written constitution in America, established a framework for representative self-government in Connecticut.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Who was a key figure in the development of the modern conception of religious liberty.
Roger Williams
Another leading dissident that fled to Rhode Island because of her belief in antinomianism
Anne Hutchinson
What belief teaches that outward obedience to the Scriptures was unnecessary to demonstrate an inward relationship to God
Antinomianism
What colonies consist of the Middle Colonies
New York
Pennsylvania
New Jersey
Delaware
What unique system of settlement was established by the Dutch of New Netherland?
Patroon system
Was granted land in the new world by the king because the king owed his father a debt
William Penn
What colonies make up the Southern Colonies?
Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia
Who was the proprietor of the first group that arrived in Maryland in 1634 led by Leonard and George Calvert.
Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore.
To give liberty to the Catholics and still attract Protestant settlers, the colony’s leaders established religious acceptance through this.
Provided that no one professing a belief in Christ should be troubled in the free exercise of his religion.
Toleration Act of 1649
Who was the Earl of Shaftesbury in the Carolinas?
Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper
A reform-minded general that determined to build a colony that would provide rehabilitation through opportunity and hard work.
James Oglethorpe
