Unit 1 Test

Question 1

the scientific study of how people change or stay the same over time

Answer 1

human development

Question 2

gradual process of development

Answer 2

continuous development

Question 3

different stages and changes that occur in a sequence of development

Answer 3

discontinuous development

Question 4

ability to adapt (brain)

Answer 4

plasticity

Question 5

the 3 domains of development

Answer 5

physical, cognitive, and psychosocial

Question 6

standards a society sets

Answer 6

social construct

Question 7

4 influences on development

Answer 7

nature vs nurture, family structure, maturation, and culture/ethnicity

Question 8

influences that happen in a similar way for a group of people

Answer 8

normative influence

Question 9

influence of a group of people that were born at about the same time

Answer 9

cohort influence

Question 10

influence of unusual events specific to an individual

Answer 10

nonnormative influence

Question 11

specific times when an event (or its absence) impacts development

Answer 11

critical period

Question 12

specific times when we can most rapidly acquire a skill or characteristic

Answer 12

sensitive period

Question 13

the people who give principles and guidelines in research

Answer 13

institutional review board (IRB)

Question 14

the 3 guiding principles in research

Answer 14

beneficence, respect, and justice

Question 15

the people who create standards on how to treat children properly

Answer 15

society for research in childhood development

Question 16

neither right nor wrong, true nor false

Answer 16

theory

Question 17

genetic makeup

Answer 17

genotype

Question 18

physical expression

Answer 18

phenotype

Question 19

study of how genes are turned off or on by environmental triggers

Answer 19

epigenetics

Question 20

attached to genes, each “read” differently

Answer 20

chemical tags

Question 21

helping people who may be at risk of a genetic condition (provides info and understanding)

Answer 21

genetic counseling

Question 22

measuring how much nature and nurture influences our traits

Answer 22

behavioral genetics

Question 23

how many prenatal appointments should one have

Answer 23

at least 8`

Question 24

prenatal stage from fertilization to 2 weeks

Answer 24

germinal stage

Question 25

prenatal stage where implantation occurs

Answer 25

germinal stage

Question 26

clusters of cells that begin to take on distinct characteristics

Answer 26

blastocyst

Question 27

one week after conception, the outer cells that have multiplied will become the what

Answer 27

placenta

Question 28

one week after conception, the inner cells that have multiplied will become the what

Answer 28

embryo

Question 29

the burrowing of the zygote into the lining of the uterus (is not automatic)

Answer 29

implantation

Question 30

a thin line down the middle of the developing individual forms a structure that will develop 3 different times:

Answer 30

primitive streak, to the neural tube, to the central nervous system

Question 31

if the fetus has a Y chromosome, this gene on the chromosome will trigger the development of the male sex

Answer 31

SRY gene

Question 32

during the 4th , 5th, and 6th months, the brain increases in size by a factor of what

Answer 32

6

Question 33

the age where a fetus has at least some chance of surviving outside the uterus, 22 weeks after conception

Answer 33

age of variability

Question 34

the 3 crucial aspects of development in the last months of prenatal life

Answer 34

maturation of the neurological, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems

Question 35

the brains advanced outer layer

Answer 35

cortex

Question 36

the fetus hears many sounds, including the mother's heartbeat and voice in the final ___ months

Answer 36

3

Question 37

prenatal stage from 2-8 weeks

Answer 37

embryonic stage

Question 38

prenatal stage where organogenesis, neural tube development, and more occur

Answer 38

embryonic stage

Question 39

prenatal stage from 8 weeks to birth

Answer 39

fetal stage

Question 40

how many more calories do mothers need per day during pregnancy

Answer 40

300-500

Question 41

anything that can harm a developing fetus physically

Answer 41

teratogen

Question 42

anything that can harm a developing fetus mentally

Answer 42

behavioral teratogen

Question 43

psychologist with a psychoanalytic theory

Answer 43

sigmund freud

Question 44

psychologist with a psychosocial theory

Answer 44

erik erikson

Question 45

psychologist with a cognitive theory

Answer 45

jean piaget

Question 46

psychologist with a sociocultural theory

Answer 46

lev vygotsky

Question 47

psychologist with a bioecological theory

Answer 47

urie bronfenbrenner