Unit 1 Test Flashcards
3 main parts of a seed
seed coat, endosperm (cotyledon), radicle
seed coat function
protection
endoperm (cotyledon)
source of food until photosynthesis can happen
radicle
first root to sprout
why are seeds important
they contain the embryo that begins all plant growth, making them crucial to plant reproduction
germination
seed embryo goes from a dormant to an active state
germination requirements
H2O absorbed into seed coat, O2, favorable temp, and light or dark
why is planting a seed too shallow a problem
it increases the risk for erosion
why is planting a seed to deep a problem
the seed could run out of food before it is able to complete photosynthesis
seed’s initial food source
endosperm (cotyledons)
seed’s food source after they reach maturity
photosynthesis
main plant organs
roots, leaves, and the stem
function of roots
anchor plant, absorb nutrients through H2O
function of leaves
make photosynthesis possible
function of the stem
supports plant, transports sugars, water, and nutrients from root to leaf
how do vascular plants transport food, water, and minerals
through two parts: xylem and phloem
xylem - transports H2O from roots to leaves
phloem - transports glucose to cells to be stored
what are the female flower (pistil) parts
stigma, style, ovary, and ovules
function of stigma
sticky, attracts pollinators
function of style
holds up stigma, pollen travels down tube to fertilize egg cells
function of ovary
has egg cells in ovules, develops into fruit that helps seeds disperse
function of ovules
female sex cells, when fertilized by pollen they become seeds
parts of (stamen) male flower
anther, filament
function of anther
produces pollen (sperm cells)
function of filament
holds anther up so the wind/insects can carry pollen to female flower parts
parts of a leaf
cuticle, epidermis, guard cells, palisade (mesophyll), bundle sheath, phloem, xylem, and spongy mesophyll
cuticle
waxy layer to protect plant from environmental dangers
epidermis (skin of a leaf)
outer layer of cells
guard cells
open and close to create stomata and allow CO2 in and O2 out
palisade
mesophyll
bundle sheath
vein of plant, transports food, nutrients, H2O
xylem
transport H2O roots to leaves
phloem
transports glucose to cells to be stored
spongy mesophyll
gas exchange
why is transpiration important
it helps make photosynthesis possible
what is the photosynthesis equation
6H2O + 6CO2»_space; 6O2 + C6H12O6
how do reactants in the photosynthesis equation get into a leaf
6H2O - water, from roots
6CO2 - carbon dioxide, absorbed through stomata in leaves
how to products in the photosynthesis equation get into a leaf
6O2 - oxygen, stomata in leaves
C6H12O6 - glucose stored in cells
where are stomata generally found on leaves and why
typically located on the bottom to minimize water loss during transpiration
what is good tilth
physical condition of soil as it relates to plant growth
soil composition
what soil is made of
soil composition parts
45% minerals
25% water
25% air
5% organic matter
why do fungi and plants have a symbiotic relationship
plant gives fungi food, fungi gives plant nutrients
how do earthworms benefit the soil
turn soil, increase fertility, move nutrients to other layers
what is a soil horizon
geographic and biologically different soil layers
food chain
linear chain showing energy transferance in the form of food
food web
all food chains in a single ecosystem
what is tilth
physical condition of soil as it relates to plant growth
permeability
the rate H2O moves through soil
aggregation
process of sand, silt, and clay clustering together to form peds
compaction
loss of pore space due to excessive tillage or machinery
