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Botany & Horticulture > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

3 main parts of a seed

A

seed coat, endosperm (cotyledon), radicle

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2
Q

seed coat function

A

protection

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3
Q

endoperm (cotyledon)

A

source of food until photosynthesis can happen

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4
Q

radicle

A

first root to sprout

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5
Q

why are seeds important

A

they contain the embryo that begins all plant growth, making them crucial to plant reproduction

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6
Q

germination

A

seed embryo goes from a dormant to an active state

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7
Q

germination requirements

A

H2O absorbed into seed coat, O2, favorable temp, and light or dark

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8
Q

why is planting a seed too shallow a problem

A

it increases the risk for erosion

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9
Q

why is planting a seed to deep a problem

A

the seed could run out of food before it is able to complete photosynthesis

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10
Q

seed’s initial food source

A

endosperm (cotyledons)

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11
Q

seed’s food source after they reach maturity

A

photosynthesis

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12
Q

main plant organs

A

roots, leaves, and the stem

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13
Q

function of roots

A

anchor plant, absorb nutrients through H2O

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14
Q

function of leaves

A

make photosynthesis possible

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15
Q

function of the stem

A

supports plant, transports sugars, water, and nutrients from root to leaf

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16
Q

how do vascular plants transport food, water, and minerals

A

through two parts: xylem and phloem
xylem - transports H2O from roots to leaves
phloem - transports glucose to cells to be stored

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17
Q

what are the female flower (pistil) parts

A

stigma, style, ovary, and ovules

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18
Q

function of stigma

A

sticky, attracts pollinators

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19
Q

function of style

A

holds up stigma, pollen travels down tube to fertilize egg cells

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20
Q

function of ovary

A

has egg cells in ovules, develops into fruit that helps seeds disperse

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21
Q

function of ovules

A

female sex cells, when fertilized by pollen they become seeds

22
Q

parts of (stamen) male flower

A

anther, filament

23
Q

function of anther

A

produces pollen (sperm cells)

24
Q

function of filament

A

holds anther up so the wind/insects can carry pollen to female flower parts

25
Q

parts of a leaf

A

cuticle, epidermis, guard cells, palisade (mesophyll), bundle sheath, phloem, xylem, and spongy mesophyll

26
Q

cuticle

A

waxy layer to protect plant from environmental dangers

27
Q

epidermis (skin of a leaf)

A

outer layer of cells

28
Q

guard cells

A

open and close to create stomata and allow CO2 in and O2 out

29
Q

palisade

A

mesophyll

30
Q

bundle sheath

A

vein of plant, transports food, nutrients, H2O

31
Q

xylem

A

transport H2O roots to leaves

32
Q

phloem

A

transports glucose to cells to be stored

33
Q

spongy mesophyll

A

gas exchange

34
Q

why is transpiration important

A

it helps make photosynthesis possible

35
Q

what is the photosynthesis equation

A

6H2O + 6CO2&raquo_space; 6O2 + C6H12O6

36
Q

how do reactants in the photosynthesis equation get into a leaf

A

6H2O - water, from roots
6CO2 - carbon dioxide, absorbed through stomata in leaves

37
Q

how to products in the photosynthesis equation get into a leaf

A

6O2 - oxygen, stomata in leaves
C6H12O6 - glucose stored in cells

38
Q

where are stomata generally found on leaves and why

A

typically located on the bottom to minimize water loss during transpiration

39
Q

what is good tilth

A

physical condition of soil as it relates to plant growth

40
Q

soil composition

A

what soil is made of

41
Q

soil composition parts

A

45% minerals
25% water
25% air
5% organic matter

42
Q

why do fungi and plants have a symbiotic relationship

A

plant gives fungi food, fungi gives plant nutrients

43
Q

how do earthworms benefit the soil

A

turn soil, increase fertility, move nutrients to other layers

44
Q

what is a soil horizon

A

geographic and biologically different soil layers

45
Q

food chain

A

linear chain showing energy transferance in the form of food

46
Q

food web

A

all food chains in a single ecosystem

47
Q

what is tilth

A

physical condition of soil as it relates to plant growth

48
Q

permeability

A

the rate H2O moves through soil

49
Q

aggregation

A

process of sand, silt, and clay clustering together to form peds

50
Q

compaction

A

loss of pore space due to excessive tillage or machinery

Botany & Horticulture (1 decks)

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