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New Testament > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

1
Q

Adoptionism

A

The view that Jesus was not divine, but a flesh-and-blood human being who was adopted at baptism to be God’s son.

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2
Q

Apocalypse

A

A literary genre in which an author, usually pseudonymous, reports symbolic dreams or visions, given or interpreted through an angelic mediator, which reveal the heavenly mysteries that can make sense of earthly realities.

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3
Q

Apocrypha

A

A Greek term meaning literally, hidden things, used for books on the fringe of the Jewish or Christian canons of Scripture. The Jewish apocrypha comprises books found in the Hebrew Bible, including 1 and 2 Maccabees and 4 Ezra

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4
Q

Apostle

A

Generally, one who is commissioned to perform a task from a Greek word meaning “sent”; in early Christianity, the term was used to designate special emissaries of the faith who were understood to be representatives of Christ. See also Disciple

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5
Q

Apostolic Fathers

A

A collection of noncanonical writings penned by proto-orthodox Christians of the second century who were traditionally through to have been followers of the apostles; some of these works were considered Scripture in parts of the early church

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6
Q

Athanasius

A

An influential 4th century Church Father and bishop the large and important church in Alexandria, Egypt. Athanasius was the first church writer to list our 27 New Testament books as forming the canon.

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7
Q

B.C.E. / C.E.

A

Before the common era (BCE)
Common Era (CE)

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8
Q

Canon

A

From a Greek word meaning ruler or straight edge, collection of texts (New Testament)

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9
Q

Ebionites

A

A group of second-century adoptionists who maintained Jewish practices and Jewish forms of worship

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10
Q

Epistle

A

Designation for a private letter, literary writings in the form of a letter, for general distribution

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11
Q

Gentile

A

A Jewish designation for a non-Jew

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12
Q

Gnosticism

A

A group of ancient religions, some of them closely related to Christianity that maintained elements of the divine had become entrapped in this evil world of matter and could only be released when they aquired the secret gnosis (knowlege)

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13
Q

Gospel

A

When capitalized it refers to the literary genre a written account of the good news brough by Jesus Christ including episodes involving his words and or deeds (Gospel of Luke or Peter)

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14
Q

Heresy

A

Any worldview or set of beliefs deemed by those in power to be deviant from a Greek word meaning choice (heretics chose to deviate from the truth)

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15
Q

Manuscript

A

Any handwritten copy of a literary text

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16
Q

Marcion

A

A second Century Christian scholar and evangelist, believed in two gods a harsh and merciful loving God of Jesus

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17
Q

Nag Hammadi

A

Village in upper Egypt near the place where a collection of Gnostic writing including the Gospel of Thomas were discovered in 1945

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18
Q

Proto-orthodox Christianity

A

A form of Christianity endorsed by some Christians of the second and third centuries, believed that Jesus was both human and divine

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19
Q

Torah

A

A Hebrew word that means guidance or direction but is usually translated to law, law of God given to Moses, Jewish Bible

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20
Q

Autograph

A

The original manuscript of a literary text, from a Greek word meaning the writing itself

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21
Q

Manuscript

A

Any handwritten copy of a literary text

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22
Q

Papyrus

A

A reed-like plant that grows around the Nile used for manufacturing a paper-like writing surface

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23
Q

Scribes, Christian

A

Literate Christians responsible for copying sacred Scripture

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24
Q

Scriptio Continua

A

The ancient practice of writing without using spaces to separate words

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25
Q

Textual Criticism

A

An academic discipline that seeks to establish the original wording of a text based on the surviving manuscripts

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26
Q

Alexander the Great

A

The great military leader of Macedonia whose armies conquered much of the eastern Mediterranean and who was responsible for the spread of Greek culture (Hellenism) throughout the lands he conquered

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27
Q

Apollonius of Tyana

A

A pagan philosopher and holy man of the first century C.E. reported to have done miracles and delivered divinely inspired teachings, believed to be god by some

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28
Q

Augurs

A

A group of pagan priests in Rome who could interpret the will of the gods by taking the auspices

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29
Q

Auspicy

A

A form of divination in which specially appointed priests could determine the will of the gods by observing the flight pattern or eating habits of birds

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30
Q

Cult

A

Means care of the gods, normally involve acts of sacrifice and prayer

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31
Q

Daimonia

A

Category of divine beings in the Greco-Roman word, Diamonia were widely thought to be less powerful than the gods but far more powerful than humans capable of influencing human lives

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32
Q

Divination

A

Any practice used to ascertain the will of the gods

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33
Q

Epicureans

A

Ancient group of followers of the Greek philosopher Epicurus who maintained that the gods were removed from the concerns of human life and so were not to be feared or placated. Happiness came in establishing a peaceful harmony with other like-minded people and enjoying the simple pleasures of daily existence

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34
Q

Equestrian

A

The second-highest socioeconomic class of ancient Rome

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35
Q

Extispicy

A

A form of divination in Greek and roman religions in which a specially appointed priest would examine the entrails of a sacrificed animal to determine whether it had been accepted by the gods

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36
Q

Genius

A

A man’s guardian spirit (that of a woman was called luno)

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37
Q

Gentile

A

a Jewish designation for a non-Jew

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38
Q

Greco Roman World

A

The lands ( and culture) around the Mediterranean from the time of Alexander the Great to the Emperor Constantine roughly 300 B.C.E. to 300 C.E.

39
Q

Haruspex

A

In Roman religion a specially trained priest skilled in the practice of extispicy

40
Q

Hellenization

A

The spread of Greek language and culture throughout the mediterranean starting with the conquests of Alexander the Great

41
Q

Isis

A

Egyptian goddess worshiped in mystery cults throughout the Roman world

42
Q

Lares

A

Household deities commonly worshiped in homes throughout the roman world meant to protect homes

43
Q

Magic

A

usually refers to religious practices that are not sanctioned by society at large or by the community in which is referred to as the dark side of religion

44
Q

Mithras

A

A Persian deity worshiped in a mystery cult

45
Q

Monotheism

A

belief that there is only one God

46
Q

Octavian

A

The first Roman emperor 27 BCE -14 CE Octavian was the great nephew and adopted son of Julius Ceasar and a great general who brought unity to Rome after it had experienced prolonged and bloody civil wars referred to as Ceasar Augustus

47
Q

Oracle

A

A sacred place where the gods answered questions brought by their worshipers to the resident holy person, a priest would often deliver the divine response

48
Q

Paganism

A

Any polytheistic religions of the Greco Roman world an umbrella term for ancient Mediterranean religions other than Judaism and Christianity

49
Q

Penates

A

Household deities commonly worshiped throughout the Roman world, thought to protect the pantry and foodstuffs in the home

50
Q

Plato

A

Famous Greek philosopher from the 4th century BCE Athens many of whose ideas including the tensions between the realms of matters and spirit influenced Christian thinkers in the early centuries of the church

51
Q

Polytheism

A

The belief that there are many gods

52
Q

Roman Empire

A

All of the lands conquered by Rome and riled ultimately by roman emperor staring with Caesar Augustus in 27 BCE

53
Q

Son of God

A

The designation of a person born to a god able to perform miraculous deed and or to convey superhuman teachings in Jewish circles, chosen to stand in a special relationship with the God of Israel

54
Q

Stoics

A

Greco Roman philosophers who urged people to understand the way the world worked and to live in accordance with it letting nothing outside of themselves affect their internal state of well being

55
Q

Antiochus Epiphanes

A

The Syrian monarch who attempted to force the Jews of Palestine to adopt Greek culture leading to the Maccabean revolt in 167 BCE

56
Q

Associations Voluntary

A

Privately organized groups of people who shared common interests and met periodically to socialize enjoy a common meal and conduct business

57
Q

Covenant

A

An agreement between 2 social or political parties used by ancient Jews

58
Q

Day of Atonement

A

In Hebrew Yom Kippur the one day of the year when the high priest was allowed to enter the Holy of Holies in the temple to sacrifice first an animal to atone for his sins then another for the people of Israel

59
Q

Dead Sea scrolls

A

Ancient Jewish writings discovered in caves near the Dead sea, thought to be produced by a group of Essenes

60
Q

Diaspora

A

Greek for dispersion refers to the dispersion of Jews away from Palestine

61
Q

Essenes

A

An apocalyptical and ascetic Jewish sect started during the Maccabean period members of which generally thought to have produced the dead sea scrolls

62
Q

4th Philosophy

A

A group of Jews that Josephus mentions but leaves unnamed, characterized by their violent opposition to the foreign domination of the promised land

63
Q

Hanina ben Dosa

A

A well-known Galilean rabbi of the first century who was reputed to have done miracles comparable to those of Jesus

64
Q

Hasmoneans

A

An alternative name for the Maccabeans, the family of Jewish priests that began the revolt against Syria in 167 BCE

65
Q

Herod Antipas

A

Son of Herod the Great and ruler of Galilee from 4 to 39 CE, executed John the Baptist, involved in the trial of Jesus

66
Q

Herod the Great

A

Ruler of all of Galilee and Judea from 40 to 4 BCE, allegedly ruling when Jesus was born, known for killing all the baby boys of Bethlehem in an attempt to destroy the infant Jesus

67
Q

Holy of Holies

A

The innermost part of the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem which was completely empty but which God’s presence on earth was believed to dwell. No one could enter this room except the high priest on the day of atonement to make a sacrifice for the sins of the people

68
Q

Honi the Circle-Drawer

A

A first century BCE Galilean who was reputed to have done miracles and had experiences similar to those of Jesus

69
Q

Josephus

A

First century Jewish historian appointed court historian court historian by the roman emperor Vespasian whose works the Jewish War, and the Antiquities of the Jews are principal resources for information about life in first-century Palestine

70
Q

Judas Maccabeaus

A

Jewish patriot who led the family responsible for spearheading the Maccabean revolt

71
Q

Maccabean Revolt

A

The Jewish uprising against the Syrians and their king Antiochus Epiphanes starting in 167 BCE in protest against the forced imposition of Hellenistic culture and the proscription of Jewish practices such as circumcision

72
Q

Messiah

A

Hebrew word that means anointed one

73
Q

Mishnah

A

A collection of oral traditions passed on by generations of Jewish rabbis who saw themselves as the descendants of the Pharisees finally put into writing around 200 CE

74
Q

Pentateuch

A

Literally the 5 scrolls in Greek a term used to designate the first 5 books of the Hebrew Bible also known as the Torah or the Law of Moses

75
Q

Pesher

A

An ancient Jewish way of interpreting Scripture frequently used in the commentaries from the Dead Sea Scrolls in which a text was explained as having its fulfillment in persons or events of the present day

76
Q

Pharisees

A

A Jewish sect, which may have originated during the Maccabean period that emphasized strict adherence to the purity laws set forth in the Torah

77
Q

Qumran

A

Place near the northwest shore of the dead sea where the dead sea scroll were discovered in 1946

78
Q

Sadducees

A

A Jewish party associated with the temple cult and the Jewish priests who ran it comprising principally the Jewish aristocracy in Judea

79
Q

Sanhedrin

A

A council of Jewish leaders headed by the high priest that played an advisory role in matters of religious and civil policy

80
Q

Septuagint

A

The translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek so named because of a tradition that seventy Jewish scholars had produced it

81
Q

Sicarii

A

a Latin term meaning daggermen, group of 1st century Jews responsible for the assassination of Jewish aristocrats

82
Q

Synagogue

A

Jewish place of worship and prayer from a Greek word that literally means being brought together

83
Q

Talmud

A

The great collection of ancient Jewish traditions that comprises the Mishnah and later commentaries on the Mishnah called the Gemarah

84
Q

Zealots

A

A group of Galilean Jews who fled to Jerusalem during the uprising against Rome in 66-70 C.E. urged violent resistance to the bitter end

85
Q

586 B.C.E.

A

Fall of Jerusalem and the first temple to the Babylonians

86
Q

4 BE

A

Date of Jesus’ birth

87
Q

30 BCE

A

date of Jesus’ crucifixion

88
Q

50 CE - 125 CE

A

The writing of the books that eventually become the NT

89
Q

70 CE

A

Fall of Jerusalem and the Second Temple to the Romans

90
Q

125 CE

A

p52

91
Q

180 CE

A

Irenaeus writes against Heresies

92
Q

367 CE

A

Athanasius writes the first NT canon list that looks exactly like our own

93
Q

1440

A

Invention of the printing press

94
Q

1517

A

Martin Luther posts 95 of these on door of Wittenberg Cathedral and begins protesting

New Testament (2 decks)

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