Unit 1 Test Flashcards
How many seconds are in 1.50 weeks?
907 s
how many sig. figs. are in the number 0.02?
1
Matter (define)
Anything that has mass + volume (everything)
What are the steps of the scientific method?
Observe - Define the problem (use 5 senses)
Hypothesis - Reasonable explanations for what was observed (educated guess)
Experiments - Test each hypothesis in order to prove/disapprove them
Analysis - Compares the results from the experiments to the original hypothesis
Conclusion (Theory) - A hypothesis supported by experimental evidence
How many g are equal to 345.7 mg?
0.3457
How many Micrograms (μg), Microliters (μL), and Micrometers (μm) are in grams (g), liters (L), and meters (m)?
10^-6μg = 1g
10^-6μL = 1L
10^-6μm = 1m
Write out 3.5 x 10^-5 in long form.
0.000035
Mass (define)
The amount of matter in an object
Write out 7,123 in scientific notation
7.123 x 10^3
Scientific Method (define)
organized approach to solve a problem
how many sig. figs. are in the number 0.020?
2
How many feet are equal to 54.7 inches?
4.56 ft
How many Kg are equal to 45,000 mg?
0.045 kg
How many Milligrams (mg), Milliliters (mL), and Millimeters (mm) are in grams (g), liters (L), and meters (m)?
1000mg = 1g
1000mL = 1L
1000mm = 1m
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
16.590/1.8 = ?
9.2
how many sig. figs. are in the number 2.0x10^-3?
2
How many mins are in an hour?
60 mins.
What are the properties of a gas?
- Indefinite shape
- Indefinite volume
- Compressible
- Very low density
How much feet are in a mile?
5280 feet
Energy (define)
Anything that can do work or produce heat
Mount Everest is approximately 8,000 meters high. How many miles high is Mount Everest?
5 miles
What is the symbol and meaning for the prefix micro?
Symbol: μ
Meaning: millionth (10 ^-6)
Write out 0.000000081 in scientific notation
8.1 x 10^-8
Give examples of a compound.
CO2 (carbon dioxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide)
(formed when elements chemically combine)
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
3.085 + 2.77448 = ?
1.112
Write out 8 x 10^8 in long form.
800,000,000
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
3.42 + 8.132 = ?
11.55
How many hours are in a day?
24 hours
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Elements = made up of one atom but compounds = made up of 2 or more diff. elements (multiple atoms)
how many sig. figs. are in the number 2,002?
4
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
1.2 x 1.3 = ?
1.6
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
32.88/4.38 = ?
7.51
Answer (6 x 10^-8) x (4x10^-4) in proper scientific notation.
2.4 x 10^-11
A homerun in a baseball game was measured at 450 ft. How many meters is this equal to?
14 meters
Weight (define)
Force of gravity acting on an object’s mass
What is the rule for Multiplication and Division when solving an equation with sig. figs.?
the answer is rounded to the same # of sig. figs. as the # used in the calculation with the least sig. figs.
Ex #1: 17.85/2.13 = 8.38028 = 8.38
(You divide the 2 #’s and get that long number but since 2.13 is the # with the least sig. figs. you round your answer to get the same amt of sig. figs., which is 3, this will lead you to get the answer 8.38)
Ex #2: 0.0561 x 0.030 = 0.001683 = 0.0017 (rounded)
How many ounces are in a pound?
16 ounces
Write out 453,000 in scientific notation
4.53 x 10^5
What is the symbol and meaning for the prefix Kilo?
Symbol: K
Meaning: thousand
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
2.16 x 1.8 = ?
3.9
Chemistry (define)
The study of matter + the changes it undergoes
how many sig. figs. are in the number 20,000?
1
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
4.55 + 3.45 = ?
8.00
What is the symbol and meaning for the prefix Milli?
Symbol: m
Meaning: thousandth
Theory (define)
A hypothesis supported by experimental evidence
how many sig. figs. are in the number 20,020?
4
A chemistry student has a weight of 155 lbs. What is the student’s weight in grams? (1oz = 28.34 g)
70,300 g
Measurement (define)
A type of observation
What is Dimensional Analysis?
A method used to convert units
What is the rule for Addition and Subtraction when solving an equation with sig. figs.?
the answer is rounded to the same # of decimal places as the # used in the calculation with the least decimal places.
Ex #1: 7.12 - 1.345 = 5.775 = 5.78
(7.12 has the least number of decimal places in the equation so we would round our answer 5.775 to have the same amt of decimal places. This would make the answer 5.78, which is also rounded to the nearest hundredth, DONT FORGET TO ROUND)
Ex #2: 5.7 + 2.11 = 7.81 = 7.8
What is the symbol and meaning for the prefix Centi?
Symbol: c
Meaning: hundredth (0.01)
Answer the equation with the correct amt of sig. figs.
4.3324 x 1.2 = ?
5.2
How many Decigrams (dg), Deciliters (dL), and Decimeters (dm) are in grams (g), liters (L), and meters (m)?
10dg = 1g
10dL = 1L
10dm = 1m
What is the symbol and meaning for the prefix Deci?
Symbol: d
Meaning: tenth (0.1)
Qualitative Measurements (define) + examples
Descripted
Ex: hot, cold, heavy, light, big, blue, furry
how many sig. figs. are in the number 1.09x10^4?
3
How many grams (g), liters (L), and meters (m) are in Megagrams (Mg), Megaliters (ML), and Megameters (Mm)?
1Mg = 1,000,000g
1ML = 1,000,000L
1Mm = 1,000,000m
Law (define)
Used to describe a natural phenomenon which has been tested over a long period of time under diff. conditions
Is breaking chalk a chemical or physical chnange?
Physical change
Write out 0.000157 in scientific notation
1.57 x 10^-4
What are the properties of a liquid?
- Indefinite shape
- Definite volume
- Not compressible
- Less dense than solids
What is the symbol and meaning for the prefix Mega?
Symbol: M
Meaning: Milllion
Quantitative measurements (define) + examples
Observation made w/ a measuring instrument + includes both a # and a unit
Ex: ruler, balance, thermometer
Give an example to show a measurement that is percise but not accurate.
30.00 mL
29.97 mL
30.00 mL
Give examples of an element?
Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon etc. (anything on the Periodic Table)
How many centimeters are in an inch?
2.45cm
The Empire State Building is approximately 381 meters high. How many miles high is the Empire State Building?
0.237 miles
Solve: 30,000 x 0.0004 in scientific form
1.2 x 10^1
Change 0.00765 into mL
765 mL
What are the base units?
mass: in grams (g)
volume: in liters (L)
length: in meters (m)
how many sig. figs. are in the number 0.055870?
5
Write out 2 x 10^3 in long form.
2000
Solve: (3 x 10^-8) x (7 x 10^6)
2.1 x 10^-1
Is molding clay a chemical or physical change?
Physical Change
Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass (define)
In any chemical or physical change, matter cannot be created or destroyed (mass of reactants = mass of products)
Write out 0.0029 in scientific notation.
2.9 x 10^-3
Homogeneous mixture (define) + examples
Has a uniform compostion (parts of the mixture + cannot be picked out)
Ex: milk, sugar
Is buring toast physical or chemical change?
Chemical change
Heterogeneous mixture (define) + examples
Doesn’t have a uniform composition (Parts of the mixture can be physically seen + picked out)
Ex: cereal, salad, pizza
How many grams (g), liters (L), and meters (m) are in Kilograms (kg), Kiloliters (kL), and Kilometers (km)?
1kg = 1,000g
1kL = 1,000L
1km = 1,000m
A chemistry student’s height is measured at 68.5 inches. How tall is the student in cm?
17.4 cm
Solve: 37,000 x 7,000 in scientific notation
2.59 x 10^8
How many mm are equal to 4.75 x 10^-2 m?
47.5 mm
How many ML are equal to 4.567 x 10^4 mL?
4.567 x 10^-5 mL
Chemical changes (define) + examples
One or more substances react to form new substances w/ diff. chemical + physical properties (The beginning substances w/ diff. than the ending substances)
Ex: rusting, burning, decaying
Write out 41,000 in scientific notation.
4.1 x 10^4
Give an example to show a measurement that is neither accurate and percise.
31.57 mL
25.06 mL
29.72 mL
What are the 2 major areas that matter is classified into?
1) Pure substances
2) Mixtures
Pure Substances (define) + examples
Have uniform + definite composition
Ex: Elements + Compounds
How many seconds are there in 2.5 days?
21 seconds
Is rusting iron a physical or chemical change?
Chemical change
List the rules for Significant Figures
1) All non-zero digits are significant
2) Leading zeros are never significant (zeros to the left)
3) Captive zeros are always significant (zeros in the middle)
4) Trailing zeros are sometimes significant (zeros at the end)
- they are sig. if the # contains a decimal point
- they aren’t sig. if # does NOT contain a decimal point
What is the difference between compounds and mixtures?
In compounds = elements are bonded to each other but in Mixtures = the substances are blended (no definite composition - cannot assign a fixed ration)
Write out 60,007,000 in scientific notation.
6.0007 x 10^7
What are the properties of a solid?
- Definite shape
- Definite volume
- Not compressible
- High density
Chemistry (define)
The study of matter + the changes it undergoes
Physical changes (define) + examples
Changes in appearance w/o changing composition
Ex: cutting, breaking, freezing, boiling, melting
Explain the difference between accuracy and precision.
Accuracy = How close a measurement is to the true or accepted value and Precision = How close multiple measurements are to each other
How many Centigrams (cg), Centiliters (cL), and Centimeters (cm) are in grams (g), liters (L), and meters (m)?
100cg= 1g
100cL = 1L
100cm= 1m
How many centimeters are in a meter?
100 centimeters
How many inches are in a foot?
12 inches
Give an example to show a measurement that is accurate and percise.
27.00 mL
27.00 mL
27.00 mL
Physical Properties (define) + examples
Properties that can be measured or observed w/o chnaging the identity (or composition) of a substance
Ex: color, odor, texture, taste
Chemical Properties (define) + examples
Properties that indicate how a substance reacts w/ other substances.
Ex: flammable, combustible, burnable
