Unit 1 Test

Question 1

what is the law of human nature?

Answer 1

• law of right and wrong
• humans have free will (can choose to go against it)
• humans are governed by a code

Question 1

what is instinct?

Answer 1

the DESIRE to fight or flee; an IMPULSE

Question 2

what is law?

Answer 2

the knowledge of what you SHOULD do

Question 3

what are the 4 ways of locating the ethical within each person?

Answer 3

1. personal response - a desire to act
2. experience of the other - recognizing that the other person is someone with a unique life
3. experience of obligation - pull in the right direction; doing what you are told
4. experience of contrast - feeling that something is not fair

Question 4

what is ethics?

Answer 4

the good that humans move towards - the law that exists above us

Question 5

what is morality?

Answer 5

how to attain the good by using laws or rules

Question 6

how do catholics see morality?

Answer 6

• knowing what ought to be done
• not just the right thing, but the thing that should and needs to be done

Question 7

what 3 sources do catholics draw upon to make a moral judgement?

Answer 7

1. human reason
2. human experience
3. divine revelation

Question 8

what are the 4 cardinal values?

Answer 8

1. temperance - moderation
2. fortitude - courage
3. prudence - common sense
4. justice - fairness

Question 9

what is eudaimonia?

Answer 9

a greek word which translates to ‘happiness’. it is also a lifestyle where people try to obtain their highest abilities of self

Question 10

what are the 3 main points in aristotle’s argument?

Answer 10

1. happiness in the community - all efforts must be good for the community
2. rationality - acting rationally must determine our everyday moves, rationality must control desire
3. the mean - stay within the middle path

Question 11

what is teleology?

Answer 11

discovering the finality of what we are meant to be

Question 12

what is theoretical reason?

Answer 12

things that have an effect on us

Question 13

what is practical reason?

Answer 13

an impulse that we must control; recognizing this and making sure it doesn’t harm ourselves or others

Question 14

what 3 principals are needed to acheive the good?

Answer 14

1. God
2. Freedom - using free will to choose the good
3. Immorality - life is not enough; we need more time

Question 15

what is good will?

Answer 15

doing good for duty’s sake; a moral action is acheived when done for the sake of duty

Question 16

how is a moral principal decided?

Answer 16

• Rationality
• Objectively
• Benefits everyone

Question 17

according to levinas, where do we find the good?

Answer 17

within the face of the other person who is unique and selfless

Question 18

how are we made responsible by the face?

Answer 18

• It calls us to disregard our self-centered lives
• It calls us to serve our neighbour
• A person lives a moral life by devoting their life to another

Question 19

what common theme exists between all the philosophers?

Answer 19

• Rationality (ensures we are doing what is right for the other) and Community
• Age of Reason

Question 20

According to Levinas, what concept did the Western world need to learn in order to understand how to acheive the good?

Answer 20

Humans cannot be categorized, we are not the same as each person has a uniqueness to them

Question 21

Define ‘virtue’

Answer 21

a behaviour which shows high moral standards

Question 22

Define ‘Cardinal Virtue’

Answer 22

Natural virtues that we must work to obtain and perfect

Question 23

Define ‘Theological Virtue’

Answer 23

Virtues given to us from God

1. Faith
2. Hope
3. Chairity

Question 24

Define ‘Character’

Answer 24

Actions and choices that make us who we really are