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Unit 1 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

What are some examples of how people engage in our political system?

A

Voting, donating to political campaigns, serve in local government, protesting, symbolic gestures (pledge, national anthem, flag).

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2
Q

What is political culture?

A

A nation’s political personality traits and deep rooted societal attitudes, values, and beliefs.

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3
Q

Characteristics of political culture:

A

Accepting the legitimacy of laws, government, and elections, boundries of acceptable political behavior, peaceful vs violent.

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4
Q

What are the types of political culture?

A

Moralistic, individualistic, and traditionalistic

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5
Q

What is the moralistic political culture?

A

Society weighs slightly more the individual. Governments should create a good society by which the community can flourish.

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6
Q

Where is the moralistic political culture common?

A

Midwest and parts of the west coast.

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7
Q

What is the individualistic political culture?

A

Society is a marketplace for individual gain. Government should provide a society that allows individual gain.

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8
Q

Where is the individualistic political culture common?

A

Northeast

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9
Q

What is the traditionalistic political culture?

A

The government should be ruled by the elite with minimal participation.

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10
Q

Where is the traditionalistic political culture common?

A

Southern states

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11
Q

What event rooted the American Political Culture?

A

American Revolution

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12
Q

Beliefs of the American Political Culture:

A

Egalitarianism, liberty, democracy, American Exceptionalism, optimism, idealism, rule of law and justice.

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13
Q

Egalitarianism

A

Equality of people

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14
Q

Liberty

A

Free to make choices

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15
Q

Democracy

A

Freedom to vote

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16
Q

American Exceptionalism

A

America is a special place that does good

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17
Q

Optimism

A

We expect things will always improve

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18
Q

Idealism

A

A better system can be created

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19
Q

Rule of law and justice

A

The law will be applied to everyone equally

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20
Q

Idealogical left beliefs

A

Social freedom, government regulation, minimum wage, environment, defend civil liberties, diverse lifestyles, SOCIAL JUSTICE vs SOCIAL ORDER

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21
Q

Ideological right beliefs

A

Economic freedom, low taxes, low spending, free market, oppose business regulations, traditional values and social regualtions, anti abortion, anti same sex marriage, supports military, SOCIAL ORDER VS SOCIAL JUSTICE

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22
Q

Practical center beliefs

A

Middle ground, sometimes favors intervention, sometimes favors individual choice, oppose political extremes, party identifies, leaners, undecides

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23
Q

Examples of basic ideological arguments

A

Personal freedom vs societal order
Economic freedom vs government protection
Federal power vs state power vs individual rights
Liberalism vs Conservatism vs Populism

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24
Q

What is a political party?

A

Organization of people with similar ideas about how to govern.

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25
Q

What is the purpose of political parties?

A

Unifies groups/people working toward political/social goals. The method on how to run the gov.

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26
Q

What are the functions of political parties?

A

Recruit candidates, provide financial support, mobilize voters, promote policy options, run government when elected, organize oppositon when not in power.

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27
Q

What is political socialization?

A

The outlook that determines a person’s political preferences on candidates, parties, political opinions, and policies.

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28
Q

Agents of political socialization:

A

Family preferences, social groups (friends peers), education and religion, job and income level, media.

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29
Q

Advantages of 2 party system:

A

Both parties are near the political center, both have experience, broad political support, both account for majority of voters, general/broad representation.

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30
Q

Disadvantages of 2 party system:

A

Less choices, minority ideas are left out, slow political/social change, less individualistic mroe general representation.

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31
Q

Advantages of multi party system:

A

Wider perspectives, coalitions: parties work together to govern since the voters have many options, individualistic.

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32
Q

Disadvantages of multi party system:

A

No majority rule, lack of broad support, microgrouping people.

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33
Q

Advantages of a single party system:

A

Efficiency of governing, lack of opposition.

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34
Q

Disadvantages of a single party system:

A

Lack of opposition and ideas, party interest is the priority.

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35
Q

What type of system is the US?

A

Two party system

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36
Q

Democratic ideology

A

Moderate to liberal

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37
Q

What are the blue states/areas?

A

Northern states, east coast (New England and New York), West coast, big cities, inner cities.

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38
Q

Democratic general representation

A

Small farmers, workers, unions, public employees, low/middle income earners, minorities.

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39
Q

Democratic party icons

A

JFK, Obama, Bill Clinton, FDR

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40
Q

Democratic stances

A

Middle class tax breaks, social programs, progressive tax structure (tax wealthy more), environmental protections, non intervention with foreign policy, rehabilitate criminals, anti death penalty, more law enforcement and gun restrictions

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41
Q

Republican ideology

A

Moderate to conservative

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42
Q

What are the red states/areas?

A

South, mountain west, rural states/areas, low populated states, suburban areas

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43
Q

Republican general representation

A

Business owners, banks, corporations, large and corporate farmers, upper middle to upper incomes, religious rights

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44
Q

Who brought religion into politics and started MAGA

A

Ronald Reagan

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45
Q

Republican party icons

A

Teddy Roosevelt, Eisenhower, Reagan, Lincoln

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46
Q

What are the general stances of republicans?

A

Tax breaks for upper incomes (trickle down method), less government, rugged individualism (take care of yourself-Hoover), Laissez Faire market, School choice, Anti affirmative action or equalization (merit based , only based off the best), increased military spending, peace through strenght, pro dealth penalty, aggresive foreign policy.

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47
Q

Who was Jesse Ventura?

A

MN gov from a minor party

48
Q

Purposes of third parties:

A

Pull voters, get ideas adopted by major parties

49
Q

Third party weaknesses

A

not on every ballot

50
Q

Are third parties exreme or centralized?

A

Lean towards the extremes, sometimes promote tribalism, communism, nativism, and segregation

51
Q

Single issue party

A

Focus on 1 or 2 issues, anti slavery. Ex: Knownothings, prohibition party

52
Q

Ideological party

A

Focus on changing society and government. Ex: social party (mroe control), Libertarians (more freedom)

53
Q

Splinter party

A

Faction that splits from a party. Ex: Bull moose party (progressive rep. and southern dems)

54
Q

What is a politcal faction/wing?

A

Groups within the major parties that have beliefs different than the party.

55
Q

Blue Dog Democrats:

A

Economic liberals, social conservatives, rural wing, more conservative, fiscal responsibilities Ex: Bill Clinton

56
Q

Secular Democrats:

A

Non religious/atheist, less religion in government, secular wing

57
Q

Christian Left:

A

Social justice, universal healthcare, welfare, religious wing, Ex: Biden and Obama

58
Q

Progressive Democrats:

A

Anti war, anti corporatism, pro universal health, socialist wing, Ex: Bernie Sanders

59
Q

Liberal Democrats:

A

Fair trade, diplomatic foreign policy, anti militarism, push civil liberties (freedom of speech), liberal wing, Ex: Elizabeth Warren and FDR

60
Q

Log Cabin Republicans:

A

Least conservative, pro gay rights, same sex marriage, social justice wing

61
Q

Moderate Republicans:

A

Fiscally moderate, socially moderate, compromise wing, Ex: Mit Romney

62
Q

Neo Cons Republicans:

A

Intervention foreign policy, militarism, spread democracy, foreign policy wing, Ex: Bush

63
Q

Libertarians:

A

Free markets, laissez faire, minimal social control, non intervention foreign policy, freedom wing, little government involvement

64
Q

Tea Party/Budget Hawks:

A

Fiscal conservatives, taxes, debt, trade, regulations, less social issue focus, business wing

65
Q

Social Conservatives:

A

Social issues emphasis, focus on abortion, gay rights, marriage, dealth penalty, less focus on economics, religious wing, Ex: Mike Pence and Ted Cruz

66
Q

Is party membership required in general elections or primaries/caucuses?

A

Not requied in general elections but possibly in primaries/caucuses

67
Q

Why parties?

A

Differences in occupation, religion, family, hobbies, involvement ex: voting, door knocking, signs, ect.

68
Q

What is a national committee?

A

A party’s large group, comprised of representativesof all state parties (RNC and DNC)

69
Q

National part chairperson responsibilities:

A

Daily operations, fundraising, public perception/promotion, national convention, promote party stances, recruit candidates, organize opposition

70
Q

State party/committee responsibilities:

A

Fundraising, recruit candidates for state office, promote state party stances, organize state platform, organize delegates to national convention

71
Q

Local party responsibilities:

A

“Grass roots” local stance to be pushed to higher levels of party, primary/caucus voters, volunteer for state/national elections, connect with voters

72
Q

What is partisanship?

A

Strong adherence to a particular party, cause, bias, or political group.

73
Q

Effects of a partisanship:

A

Leads to absence in the political middle, increased party affiliation and opposition to the other party, increase in party line voting, removal of local and state party influences, becomes more personal, close minded, and political polarization.

74
Q

What is polarization?

A

Movement away from diverse political views to singular ideology and purity of ideology (agree with every policy from that party)

75
Q

Effects of polarization:

A

Less policy diversity, lack of cooperation between parties, lack of political consensus, extreme viewpoints, an inability to reach common ground, begins to pervade all aspects of society, political tribalism

76
Q

What is political tribalism?

A

Dividing society into tribes or groupings based on race, gender, religion, political parties

77
Q

Effects of political tribalism:

A

Us vs them mentality, loyalty to tribe is most important, formation of individual identity and belonging to a specific political group, skepticism of other groups, “RINO’S”, group interest being more important than society’s, political violence

78
Q

Libertarian specific beliefs:

A

Pro choice, pro drugs, pro gays, anti gun, anti welfare, anti minimum wage, anti income tax

79
Q

Constitution party:

A

Extremely conservative, pro life, pro gun rights, school prayer, anti taxes, anti immigration, anti welfare

80
Q

Green party:

A

Moderately liberal, environmental regulation, universal healthcare, “living wage” minimum wage, pro universal college

81
Q

Grass roots party:

A

Far left, legalize marijuana, universal healthcare

82
Q

Socialist party:

A

Far left, public ownership of essential industries, universal healthcare, free education, environment, reduce income equality, systemic change of the US

83
Q

What is order?

A

maintenance of security, political value

84
Q

What are politics?

A

Process of resolving conflicts and deciding who gets what, when, and how. The struggle over power and influence within organizations and informal groups that can grant or withhold benefits and privileges

85
Q

What is legitimacy?

A

Authority is broadly accepted, authority needs legitimacy

86
Q

Totalitarian regime:

A

extreme, small group of leaders or single individual (dictator) has total control over political, social, and economic aspects. Adolf hitler & Joseph Stalin

87
Q

Authoritarianism:

A

only government is fully controlled by the ruler, social and economic are not controlled by government

88
Q

Direct democracy:

A

debate and vote on all laws, requires a high level of participation, used in U.S and switzerland. Political decisions made by people not by elected officials

89
Q

Initiative:

A

procedure by which voters can petition to vote on a law

90
Q

Referendum:

A

an electoral device whereby legislative or constitutional measures are referred by the legislature to the voters for approval or disapproval

91
Q

Recall:

A

allowing the people to vote to dismiss an elected official before their term has ended

92
Q

What are the dangers of democracy?

A

US constitution warned against one, we are too uneducated to govern ourselves, too prone to influences of demagogues, and too likely to subordinate non majority rights to the tyranny of the majority

93
Q

What did the framers of the constitution favor?

A

A republic: sovereign power rests with the people rather than with a king, based on popular sovereignty

94
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

the concept that ultimate political authority is based on the will of the people

95
Q

What is the democratic republic?

A

US constitution created this, leaders elected by the people make the laws and policies

96
Q

What is a representative democracy?

A

people vote leaders in who make the laws however preserves the monarchy, ex: britain

97
Q

What is universal suffrage?

A

the right of all adults to vote for their government representatives

98
Q

Majoritarianism:

A

in a democracy, the government ought to do what the majority of the people want, not really present in the US

99
Q

Pluralism:

A

theory that views politics as a conflict amongst interest groups. Political decision making is characterized by bargaining and compromise

100
Q

Bill of Rights:

A

The first ten amendments to the constitution

101
Q

Egalitarian system:

A

Wealth and power are distributed equally

102
Q

What is capitalism?

A

An economic system characterized by the private ownership of wealth creating assets, free markets, and freedom of contract

103
Q

What is socialism?

A

A political ideology based on strong support for economic and social equality. Socialists traditionally envisioned a society in which major businesses were taken over by the government or by employee cooperatives (left side)

104
Q

What is a consensus?

A

General agreement among the citizenry on an issue

105
Q

Agenda setting:

A

Determining which public policy questions will be debated or considered

106
Q

Concentrated benefits and dispersed costs:

A

The theory that a minority benefiting from a government program will make a stronger effort to keep it than the majority will ever make to abolish it.

107
Q

What is a party organization?

A

Formal structure and leadership of a political party including election committees, local state and national executives, and paid professional staff

108
Q

What is the national convention?

A

The meeting held every four years by each major party to select presidential and vice presidential candidates, write a platform, choose a national committee, and conduct party business. Used to officially nominate candidates.

109
Q

What is the party platform?

A

a document drawn up at each national convention, outlining the policies, positions, and principles of the party. Promises to initiate certain policies

110
Q

State central committee:

A

The principal organized structure of each political party within each state. This committee is responsible for carrying out policy decisions of the party’s state convention. Little if any influence on influence on party candidates once they are elected.

111
Q

Patronage:

A

the practice of rewarding faithful party workers and followers with government employment and contracts

112
Q

Party demanders:

A

individuals or interest group members who participate in political parties with the intent to see that certain policies are adopted or specific groups favored (teachers unions)

113
Q

Divided government:

A

a situation in which one major political party controls the presidency and the other controls one or more chambers of congress, or in which one party controls a state governorship and the other controls the state legislature.

114
Q

Wave election:

A

an election in which voters display dissatisfaction with one of the major parties through a wave of support for the other party. In contrast to a realigning election, the results of a wave election are not permanent

115
Q

What is plurality?

A

a number of votes cast for a candidate that is greater than the number for any other candidate but is not necessarily a majority. Winner take all

116
Q

What is the unit rule?

A

a rule by which all of a state’s electoral votes are cast for the presidential candidate who receives a plurality of the votes in that state

117
Q

Straight ticket voting:

A

voting exclusively for the candidates of one party

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