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Chemistry Honors (2024) > Unit 1 Test > Flashcards

Unit 1 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

The weighted average of naturally-occurring isotopes

A

Atomic Mass

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2
Q

The number of protons in one atom is…

A

The atomic number

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3
Q

The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in one atom is

A

The mass number

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4
Q

All isotopes have the same number of _____

A

Protons

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5
Q

Isotopes of the family of an element have can have different _________

A

Neutrons

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6
Q

What is the mass of a neutron?

A

1

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7
Q

what is the mass of an electron?

A

0

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8
Q

What is the mass of a proton?

A

1

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9
Q

How do you determine if a nuclei is radioactive?

A

N/P ratio- if its greater or less that one then it tries to stabilize by emitting a particle

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10
Q

What element and isotope is used for carbon dating

A

Carbon-14

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11
Q

Elements in a period have similar _______

A

numbers of atomic orbitals (location & wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom)

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12
Q

Elements in a group have similar ___________

A

chemical reactivity

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13
Q

In what group are the alkali metals?

A

Group 1

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14
Q

What group represents the alkaline earth metals

A

Group 2

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15
Q

What groups are the transition metals a part of?

A

Groups 3-12

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16
Q

What group represents the Halogens?

A

Group 17

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17
Q

What group represents the Noble gasses?

A

Group 18

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18
Q

What are the metalloids?

A
  • Si (silicon)
  • Ge (Germanium)
  • B (Boron)
  • As (Arsenic)
  • Sb (Antimony)
  • Te (tellurium)
  • Po (Polonium)
  • At (Astatine)
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19
Q

What does Nuclear fusion require?

A
  • Large amounts of ENERGY through HIGH TEMPERATURES
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20
Q

What is Radioactive decay?

A

When a nucleus spontaneously DECOMPOSES
- releases either:
-alpha
- beta
- gamma radiation

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21
Q

What is beta decay?

A

When a neutron is changed into a proton because the neutron-to-proton ratio is too high

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22
Q

What is required for maintaining a self-sustaining NUCLEAR FISSION reaction?

A

Neutrons (after being spat out from atom)

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23
Q

What is the majority of a atom made up of?

A

Empty space

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24
Q

Who discovered the electron?

A

J.J Thompson

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25
Q

Who did the gold foil experiment?

A

Ernest Rutherford

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26
Q

Who discovered the nucleus of the atom

A

Ernest Rutherford

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27
Q

Who conducted the Cathode ray experiment?

A

J.J. Thompson

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28
Q

What did the Cathode ray experiment lead to?

A

The discovery of the electron by J.J. Thompson

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29
Q

John Dalton’s Atomic Theory?

A
  • Atoms of a given element are identical
  • During a chemical reaction, atoms are not created
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30
Q

What are the properties of most non-metals?

A

Brittle
poor conductors
mostly gasses

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31
Q

Semi-conductors & have properties of both metals and non-metals

A

Metalloids

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32
Q

Groups/columns have similar _______

A

Properties

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33
Q

Groups are numbered _______

A

1-18

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34
Q

Periods/rows are numbered

A

1-7

35
Q

Periods have the same _______

A

number of occupied energy levels

36
Q

What period do lanthanides belong to?

A

6

37
Q

What period do actinides belong to ?

A

7

38
Q

Group name of group 1

A

alkali metals

39
Q

Group name of group 2

A

Alkaline Earth Metals

40
Q

Atoms with unstable nucleus
- emits particles or radiation to become stable

A

Radioactive

41
Q

What are the radioactive elements?

A

All elements with atomic number of 83 and higher

42
Q

Who was the first person to think about an atoms existence?

A

Democritus (400 B.C)

43
Q

Who was this?
“All elements are composed of invisible particles called atoms”

A

John Dalton’s postulates

44
Q

“atoms of the same element are identical”

A

John Dalton’s postulates

45
Q

“Atoms of different elements mix or combine in whole number ratios”

A

John Daltons Postulates

46
Q

“Chemical reactions occur when atoms separate, join,or rearrange”

A

John Daltons Postulates

47
Q

“You can’t change an element into another”

A

John Dalton’s Postulates

48
Q

“Particles must have a negative charge”

A

J.J Thompson

49
Q

“Plum pudding model”

A

J.J. Thompson

50
Q

“the atom is made of mostly empty space”

A

Gold Foil experiment - Rutherford

51
Q

Who discovered the proton?

A

Eugene Goldstein

52
Q

Who discovered the neutron?

A

James Chadwick

53
Q

Which part of Dalton’s postulate isnt correct?

A
  • atoms are divisible
  • not all atoms of the same element are identical
54
Q

Which part of Daltons theory isnt correct

A
  • atoms are divisible
  • not all atoms are identical
55
Q

The number of protons will change because of ________

A

Transmutation

56
Q

The number of _______ will never change for an element

A

Protons

57
Q

P + N = ______

A

Mass Number

58
Q

Mass number is always a ________ _______

A

whole number

59
Q

Mass number - Atomic number = _________

A

Neutrons

60
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

61
Q

Chemically alike, different mass numbers

A

Isotopes

62
Q

opposite charges attract,
like charges repel
neutrons buffer between protons
strong nuclear for keeps nucleus together

A

Law of Electric Charge

63
Q

Atom(s) that have a positive or negative charge

A

Ions

64
Q

Forms when an atom gains or loses electrons

A

Ions

65
Q

Metals lose electrons to become _______

A

Cations (+)

66
Q

Metals gain electrons to become

A

Anions (-)

67
Q

Name ending with”ide”

A

Anion (-)

68
Q

1/2 the mass of Carbon-12 atom

A

AMUs (Atomic Mass units)

69
Q

How do you find the averageatomic mass?

A
  • number of stable isotopes
  • mass of each isotope
  • natural % abundance of
70
Q

In chemical reactions, atoms attain a stable configuration by losing or sharing __________

A

electrons

71
Q

In nuclear reactions the _____ of an unstable isotopes gains stability by undergoing changes

A

Neutrons

72
Q

not affected by changes in:
- temperature
- presence of catalysts
- pressure

A

Nuclear reactions

73
Q

affected by changes in:
- temperature
- presence of catalysts
- pressure

A

Chemical reactions

74
Q

Alpha Radiation

A

Consists of HELIUM nuclei that has been emitted from a radioactive source

75
Q

Alpha decay has:

A

2 PROTONS
2 NEUTRON
Positive charge of 2

76
Q

A high energy photon:

A

Gamma Radiation

77
Q

Has no mass/charge

A

Gamma Radiation

78
Q

extremely penetrating

A

Gamma Radiation

79
Q

easily passes through human body

A

Gamma Radiation

80
Q

Can be stopped by lead

A

Gamma Radiation

81
Q

Can be stopped by paper or skin

A

Alpha Radiation

82
Q

Can be stopped by foil or wood

A

Beta Radiation

83
Q

Less mass than alpha particle

A

Beta particle

Chemistry Honors (2024) (4 decks)

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