Unit 1 test Flashcards
Negatively charged ions are called:
anions
A(n) _____ is an atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from the gain or loss of one or more electrons.
ion
Positively charged ions are called:
cations
Table salt is the common name for which chemical compound?
sodium chloride
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical procedures is known as a(n) _______ .
atom
Electrical attraction between polarized molecules creates a:
hydrogen bond
The interaction between water molecules and other polar molecules is called:
adhesion
12C (read as “carbon 12”), 13C (carbon 13), and 14C (carbon 14) are all isotopes of the element carbon. The difference between these isotopes is the number of _______ associated with each atom.
neutrons
An acid is a solution that:
releases H+
When potassium hydroxide is mixed with water, hydroxide ions are RELEASED. How could you define this solution?
acid
Which of the following properties of water is NOT due to hydrogen bonding?
the bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a single water molecule
Which of the following statements regarding matter is false?
All matter has mass.
All life is composed of matter.
All matter is composed of elements.
All matter exists in the form of compounds.
All matter exists in the form of compounds
Which of the following is a characteristic that makes radioactive tracers useful in medical diagnoses and clinical research?
Living cells distinguish radioactive tracers from nonradioactive tracers.
They are incorporated into reaction in living material.
They can form chemical bonds.
They can break chemical bonds.
they are incorporated into reaction in living material
When the atoms involved in a chemical bond have the same electronegativity, what type of bond results?
nonpolar covalent bond
A(n) ______ bond results from the unequal sharing of electrons.
polar covalent
The construction of macromolecules usually requires:
the loss of water molecules
Which of the following amino acids is NOT hydrophobic?
alanine
threonine
isoleucine
tryptophan
threonine
6-carbon sugars are called:
hexoses
What is a simple example of a carbohydrate?
sugar
The lipids that form the main structural component of cell membranes are _____ .
phospholipids
Inhibitors that bind noncovalently to enzymes and alter the shape of the active site are called:
noncompetitive inhibitors
Carbohydrates are mainly used in our bodies _____ .
as fuel
Cellulose differs from starch in that:
most animals cannot break down cellulose, whereas starch is easily digested.
Manufacturers make vegetable oils solid or semisolid by _____.
adding hydrogens
Small organic molecules that are chemically modified in the process of enzymatic functioning are called:
coenzymes
A molecule that does not have a net electrical charge at one end as opposed to the other is:
a nonpolar molecule
Radioactive isotopes:
can be used in conjunction with PET scans to diagnose diseases
The bonds between water molecules are responsible for:
cohesion
A base is a solution that:
accept H+