Unit 1 Test Flashcards
Prince Henry the Navigator
Go to Quizlet, it has a better set. https://quizlet.com/180181506/world-history-unit-1-test-flash-cards/
Anabaptists
Reject baptism of infants. They chose to be re-baptized as adults. Most were peaceful, but some wanted to speed up God’s judgement by day by favoring abolition of private property.
Line of Demarcation
The Line of Demarcation between Spanish and Portuguese territory was first defined by Pope Alexander VI (1493) and was later revised by the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494). Spain won control of lands discovered west of the line, while Portugal gained rights to new lands to the east.
Martin Luther
Martin Luther, German monk and professor, sparked a revolt in 1517. He argued about the sale of indulgences, that they weren’t part of the Bible and drew up his 95 theses. Copies of the theses spread, making them outlawed and made more people agree with his motives. German princes saw Lutheranism as an opportunity to throw off the Church and the Roman Emperor.
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, also known as the Treaty of 1763, was signed on 10 February 1763 by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement, after Great Britain and Prussia’s victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years’ War.
Jesuits
Jesuit a member of the Society of Jesus, a Roman Catholic order of priests founded by St Ignatius Loyola, St Francis Xavier, and others in 1534, to do missionary work. The order was zealous in opposing the Reformation.
Francesco Petrarch
Petrarch was a devoted classical scholar who is considered the “Father of Humanism,” a philosophy that helped spark the Renaissance. Petrarch’s writing includes well-known odes to Laura, his idealized love. His writing was also used to shape the modern Italian language.
(Sir/Saint) Thomas More
Thomas More, in full Sir Thomas More, also called Saint Thomas More, (born February 7, 1478, London, England—died July 6, 1535, London; canonized May 19, 1935; feast day June 22), English humanist and statesman, chancellor of England (1529–32), who was beheaded for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as head of the Church of England. He is recognized as a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.
Recant
say that one no longer holds an opinion or belief, especially one considered heretical.
Heliocentric
having or relating to the sun as center
Johannes Kepler
When Johannes Kepler was born in the late 16th century, people thought that planets in the solar system traveled in circular orbits around Earth. An occasional problem — such as Mars appearing to suddenly reverse course — was solved by the addition of miniature circles, or epicycles, to planetary paths. But Kepler not only adamantly defended the idea that planets orbit the sun, he also revealed that their paths were not perfect circles. His descriptions of planetary motions became known as Kepler’s laws. Today, these laws not only describe planetary motion but also determine the orbits of satellites and space stations.
Humanism
Humanism was an intellectual movement typified by a revived interest in the classical world and studies which focussed not on religion but on what it is to be human. Its origins went back to 14th-century Italy. By the 15th century, humanism had spread across Europe. Humanists believed in the importance of an education in classical literature and the promotion of civic virtue, that is, realising a person’s full potential both for their own good and for the good of the society in which they live. Humanism is widely regarded as the defining feature of 1400 to 1600 Europe and the very reason why that period can be identified as a Renaissance or ‘rebirth’ of ideas.
Renaissance
The period of this revival, roughly the 14th through the 16th century, marking the transition from medieval to modern times.
Albrecht Dürer
Albrecht Dürer, (born May 21, 1471, Imperial Free City of Nürnberg [Germany]—died April 6, 1528, Nürnberg), painter and printmaker generally regarded as the greatest German Renaissance artist. His vast body of work includes altarpieces and religious works, numerous portraits and self-portraits, and copper engravings. His woodcuts, such as the Apocalypse series (1498), retain a more Gothic flavour than the rest of his work.
Henry VIII
Henry VIII, (born June 28, 1491, Greenwich, near London, England—died January 28, 1547, London), king of England (1509–47) who presided over the beginnings of the English Renaissance and the English Reformation. His six wives were, successively, Catherine of Aragon (the mother of the future queen Mary I), Anne Boleyn (the mother of the future queen Elizabeth I), Jane Seymour (the mother of Henry’s successor, Edward VI), Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, and Catherine Parr.
