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Ap Government > unit 1 test > Flashcards

unit 1 test Flashcards

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1
Q

Federalist 10

A

The main point is that a strong federal government can protect liberty because it guards against the dangers of control by a narrow interest. Madison also called it “faction.”

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2
Q

Federalist 51

A

explains how separation of powers with checks and balances protects liberty.

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3
Q

Brutus 1

A

argued that federal power was bad and that the Constitution gives too much power to the federal government.

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4
Q

New Jersey Plan

A

called for each state to have one vote in Congress instead of the number of votes being based on population.

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5
Q

Virginia Plan

A

outlined a strong national government with three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial. The plan called for a legislature divided into two bodies (the Senate and the House of Representatives) with proportional representation.

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6
Q

10th Amendment

A

the Federal Government only has those powers delegated in the Constitution.

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7
Q

Separation of Powers

A

Government should be divided into 3 distinct and separate branches. The system ensures that ALL of the branches maintain equal power by giving each of them a check against one another.

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8
Q

Direct Democracy

A

all voters come together in one place to make laws and decisions

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9
Q

Republic

A

A form of government in which a state is ruled by representatives of the citizen body

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10
Q

Plurality

A

a society in which many different groups with many different opinions and viewpoints all have to coexist and work with each other in the political sphere

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11
Q

Majority Tyranny

A

a situation in which a group of people treated unfairly because their situation is different from the situation of most of the people in a democratic country.

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12
Q

Expressed/Enumerated/delegated Powers

A

the powers of the national government explicitly listed in the Constitution.

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13
Q

Implied Powers

A

powers granted to the United States government that aren’t explicitly stated in the Constitution.

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14
Q

Concurrent Powers

A

powers which are shared by both the federal government and state governments. This includes the power to tax, build roads, and create lower courts.

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15
Q

Reserved Powers

A

powers are only given to the state

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16
Q

Full faith and credit clause

A

the obligation that every state has to recognize and accept other states’ public records, judicial proceedings, and legislative acts. (married in California then still married in Florida)

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17
Q

Bicameral

A

a system of government in which the legislature comprises two houses.

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18
Q

Unicameral

A

having or consisting of a single legislative chamber.

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19
Q

Electoral College

A

The people in each state vote for the president. The results in a state determine which electors are selected for that state. All the electoral votes for that state go for the candidate that gets the most votes in that state. The electoral votes for all 50 states are added and the candidate with the majority of the votes wins

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20
Q

Checks and Balances

A

a system that allows each branch of a government to amend or veto acts of another branch so as to prevent any one branch from exerting too much power.

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21
Q

Autocracy

A

A political system in which all power is invested in a single individual such as a king.

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22
Q

Oligarchy

A

A political system in which a small group of landowners, military officers, or wealthy merchants controls most of the governing decisions.

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23
Q

16th Amendment

A

Allows the federal government to collect an income tax from all Americans.

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24
Q

Shay’s Rebellion

A

a series of violent attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts

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25
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

a document that officially records the proclamation that the United States is an independent country from Great Britain.

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26
Q

Natural Rights

A

freedoms of religion, speech, assembly, privacy, and equality under the law

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27
Q

Social Contract Theory

A

an unofficial agreement shared by everyone in a society in which they give up some freedom for security.

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28
Q

Articles of Confederation

A

the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain.

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29
Q

Supremacy Clause

A

establishes that the federal constitution, and federal law generally, take precedence over state laws, and even state constitutions.

30
Q

3/5 Compromise

A

every enslaved American would be counted as three-fifths of a person for taxation and representation purposes. This agreement gave the Southern states more electoral power than they would have had if the enslaved population had been ignored entirely

31
Q

Great Compromise / CT Plan

A

a solution where both large and small states would be fairly represented by creating two houses of Congress.

32
Q

Rule of Law

A

to ensure accountability, stability, equality and access to justice for all.

33
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A

the authority of a state and its government are created and sustained by the consent of its people, who are the source of all political power.

34
Q

Limited Government

A

a government that has limitations on what it can and cannot do

35
Q

17th Amendment

A

the United States Senate should be made up of two Senators from each state.

36
Q

Block Grant

A

a grant from the federal government that a local/state government can allocate to a wide range of services. It is generally broad with what it can be used for, have few strings attached.

37
Q

Categorical Grant

A

federal grants given to state and local governments to encourage their cooperation in implementing specific purposes and programs. These grants give less flexibility to state governments than block grants.

38
Q

Commerce Clause

A

Congress shall have the power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce.

39
Q

Confederation

A

a group of people, countries, organizations, etc. that are joined together in some activity or effort.

40
Q

Cooperative Federalism

A

a flexible relationship between the federal and state governments in which both work together on a variety of issues and programs. (Marble cake)

41
Q

Dual Federalism

A

a political arrangement in which power is divided between the federal and state governments in clearly defined terms (tiered cake)

42
Q

New Federalism (Devolution)

A

an attempt by Nixon (and later, Reagan) to return power to the states with block grants

43
Q

Federal Mandate

A

demands on states to carry out certain policies as a condition to receiving grant money.

44
Q

Federal System

A

diff states make their own laws and decisions

45
Q

Privileges & Immunities Clause

A

the citizens of each state shall be entitled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several states.

45
Q

(Article IV)

A

outlines the relationship between the various states, as well as the relationship between each state and the United States federal government.

46
Q

Interstate Compact

A

a contract between two or more states.

47
Q

Unitary System

A

one central government system (branch)

48
Q

Progressive Federalism

A

a concept that allows the national government to override state or local actions in certain areas

49
Q

Necessary and Proper Clause

A

an implied power that gives Congress the power to write laws beyond what is written in the Constitution.

50
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

upheld the power of Congress to charter the Bank of the United States and ruled that states could not tax agencies of the federal government.

51
Q

Gibbons v. Ogden

A

The Supreme Court decided that the federal government had key powers over state governments.

52
Q

US v. Lopez

A

federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990 was unconstitutional because the U.S. Congress, in enacting the legislation, had exceeded its authority under the commerce clause of the Constitution.

53
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional

54
Q

Griswold v. Connecticut

A

the Supreme Court invalidated a Connecticut law that made it a crime to use birth control devices or to advise anyone about their use.

55
Q

Fletcher v. Peck

A

The Supreme Court ruled that a grant to a private land could not be taken away

56
Q

Wickard v. Fillburn

A

an activity does not need to have a direct effect on interstate commerce to fall within the commerce power, as long as the effect is substantial and economic.

57
Q

Gonzales v. Reich

A

State laws permitting the medical use of marijuana do not prevent Congress from prohibiting its use for any purpose in those states under the Commerce Clause

58
Q

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. U.S.

A

The Supreme Court held that the government could enjoin private businesses from discriminating on the basis of race under the Commerce Clause.

59
Q

Extradition Clause

A

if a person is charged with a crime in one state and flees to another, the harboring state must return the individual to the charging state.

60
Q

Formula Grant

A

a type of mandatory grant that is awarded based on statistical criteria for specific types of work.

61
Q

Grants-in-aid

A

federal money granted to a recipient to fund a project or program.

62
Q

Project Grant

A

money given by the federal government to state and local governments or to an individual. State and local governments and even individuals submit their applications to the federal government asking for government help.

63
Q

Majority Rule

A

the principle that the greater number should exercise greater power.

64
Q

National Supremacy

A

allowed the Supreme Court to help establish a strong federal government

65
Q

State’s Rights

A

give individual states the right to pass and enforce laws and operate independently of and with minimal interference by the federal government. This means each state has the right and the power to operate independently from the federal government as long there is no violation of the U.S. Constitution.

66
Q

Unfunded Mandate

A

a statute or regulation that requires a state or local government to perform certain actions, with no money provided for fulfilling the requirements.

67
Q

Dillon’s Rule

A

local governments possess only those powers specifically delegated to them by state law, or fairly implied from expressly granted powers.

68
Q

General welfare clause

A

The Congress shall have the Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defense and general Welfare of the United States

69
Q

Full Faith and credit Clause

A

the recognition and enforcement of the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of one state by another

70
Q

Privileges Immunities Clause

A

prevents a state from treating citizens of other states in a discriminatory manner.

Ap Government (2 decks)

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