unit 1 test Flashcards
what is psychology?
the scientific study of behavior and mental processes
psychodynamic
how behavior springs from unconscious or conscious drives from childhood
behavioral
how we learn behaviors through observable responses to stimuli such as rewards and punishments
humanistic
how we meet our needs for love, acceptance, and achieve self-fulfillment
cognitive
how we encode, interpret, store, retrieve, and process information
biological
how our physical body affects our behavior. (hormones, neurons, chemicals)
social-cultural
how our behavior vary across cultures
evolutionary
how the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival genes
research method: experimental
disadvantage:
-cause and affect
-not ethical to manipulate, certain variables bias
research method: descriptive
disadvantage:
-observe and describe behavior
- variables not controllable, cannot determine cause and affect
research method: correlation
disadvantage:
-to detect naturally occurring relationship and predict behavior
-does not specify cause and effect
what does a survey need to be considered valid
-random sampling
-sample size
-operational definitions
-anonymity
-all choices for multiple choice.
participation bias
changing behavior because of the people that are watching
confirmation bias
searching for information to confirm what you already believe while ignoring
hindsight bias
tendency to believe after learning an outcome that one already foresaw it
