Unit 1/Test 1/Infertility Flashcards
Infertility: Maintaining balance in Reproductive organs
*Inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse
Types of Infertility:
- Primary
* Secondary
Primary-
never been able to conceive
Secondary-
able to get pregnant in the past
Causes of Infertility:
- Males 35%
- number and quality of sperm
- structural and/or hormonal problems
- STI’s
- Females-50%
- hormonal
- tubular disease
- structural-uterine and ovarian
- genetic
- Combined or unexplained- 15%
Infertility Diagnostic: Phase I
- physical both partners
- check various hormone levels in both partners
- ultrasound of reproductive structures in both parties
- sperm analysis
- cervical mucus and ovulation analysis
- post coital exam
- basal body temp
Infertility Diagnostic: Phase II
- Endometrial biopsy
* hysterosalpigogram
Infertility Diagnostic: Phase III-Women
- Laparoscopy to repair scarred FT or diagnostic
- D&C
- Immunology compatibility evaluation
Surgical Intervention:
- Prolactin- breast milk production initially suppresses
- Ovulation
- Evaluation of cervical mucus in vitro
Infertility Diagnostic:
Phase III-men
- Testicular biopsy
- Vasography
- Sperm penetration ability
- Mucus migration test
- Venography
- Immulogical studies
Vasography
- testes and penis
- sperm permeability ability-in vitro
- venography- blood supply to organs
- transrectal ultrasound- prostrate gland and testicles
- immunlogical studies- building up antibodies against female
Infertility: client support
- psychological
- financial
- medical (use of drug therapy)
- surgical
Infertility treatment:
- IVF- in-vitro fertilization
- -give woman hormones to cause her to hyperovulate- pergonal
- *Next step-retrieve ova
- mix with male sperm in petri dish
- grow for 48 hours
- select 3-4 to put back into uterus
- give progesterone and HCG hormones to promote ova attachment
Assisted reproductive technology:
- IVF- usually a tubular problem
- Pergonal- IM stimulate ovaries to produce several ovum (eggs)
- Clomid- encourages ovaries to produce more than one egg Not IVF
Infertility-Treatment-GIFT
- Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer-
- immediately injects eggs and sperm back into fallopian tube. Does not wait for fertilization to occur 1st. Also use of drugs to encourage implantation.
Infertility treatment: ZIFT
*Zygote (fertilized egg) Intra Fallopian Transfer- culture egg and sperm until fertilized (48 hrs) then plant into fallopian tube. Progesterone and HCG given to help with implantation
Infertility treatment: ICSI
*Intra Cytopsmic Sperm Injection- sperm is injected directly into ova and hope fertilization takes place
ICSI: is the
newest treatment- costs $10,000- healthy pregnancy so don’t have to implant too many eggs as that increases problems.
-conscious sedation for procedure- special positioning.
Infertility: Alternative methods-
- Oocyte donation
- Donor insemination (artificial insemination)
- Surrogate pregnancy
- Herbal remedies
- Adoption
