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1310 SURV MS DEF ENHANCED > Unit 1 Terms > Flashcards

Unit 1 Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What are fibroblasts?

A

A fibroblast is a type of cell that contributes to the formation of connective tissue, a fibrous cellular material that supports and connects other tissues or organs in the body.

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2
Q

What are osteoblasts

A

Build up of bone by secreting collagen

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3
Q

What are chondroblasts?

A

build up of cartilage by collagen

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4
Q

What is Elastin?

A

a protein that gives flexibility to the tissue

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5
Q

What is the difference between the axial and appendicular skeletons

A

The axial is the central framework of the body. The appendicular is made up of bones that attach to the axial skeleton.

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6
Q

What is the function of bone

A

Structural framework. Maintains shape of person. Bears weight of the body. Supports Tissue-provides attachments for muscles.

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7
Q

What are the parts of the bone?

A

Outer bone which is compact bone and contains osteocytes, The bulk of the diaphysis. And the inner bone. Trabecular bone which contains bone marrow and is spongy and cancellous(porous). The epiphysis

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8
Q

List the 3 types of cartilage and give one example where you might find each in the body.

A

Elastic(ears, epiglottis), Hyaline/Articular(ribs, nose knee), Fibrocartilage(The meniscus in your knee. In disks between the vertebrae in your spine.)

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9
Q

What type of cartilage is the most abundant in the body

A

Hyaline or articular(covers ends of bones/joints)

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10
Q

What is the relationship between bone and articular cartilage?

A

Articular cartilage’s main function is to allow bones to glide past each other with minimal friction, making it easier to move

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11
Q

Order the following from deepest to most superficial. Skin, muscle, fascia profunda,epimysium, superficial fascia

A

Muscle, fascia profunda, superficial fascia, epimysium, skin

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12
Q

What is an aponeurosis

A

a thin sheath of connective tissue that helps connect your muscles to your bones

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13
Q

What is an interroseuous membrane?

A

a thick dense fibrous sheet of connective tissue that spans the space between two bones, forming a type of syndesmosis joint.

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14
Q

What is a retinaculum?

A

A retinaculum is a band of thickened deep fascia around tendons that holds them in place.

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15
Q

What is a joint capsule

A

a sac-like envelope that surrounds a synovial joint and encloses its cavity.

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16
Q

What is the function of a ligament?

A

Ligaments are collagenous, connect bone to bone and help support and stabilize joints

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17
Q

List the 3 types of muscles found in the body and put an * next to one one which is most relevant to the musculoskeletal system

A

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle. Skeletal is most relevant to the musculoskeletal system.

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18
Q

What is a muscle contraction?

A

Thick and thin filaments attach to each other and pull toward the middle to overlap the filaments and cause a contraction. Actin is thin filament, myosin is thick filament.

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19
Q

What is a muscle origin

A

Origin is attachment of the stationary bone during contraction.

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20
Q

What is a muscle insertion?

A

Attachment to the more mobile bone, usually distal or further away

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21
Q

Have a brief understanding of each part of a muscle.
Muscle belly
Epimysium
Permission
Endomysium
Fascicles
Muscle fiber
Myofibrils
Myofilaments
Sarcomere
Actin
Myosin

A

Muscle belly - the thickest or largest section of a muscle
Epimysium- The epimysium is the dense connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle tissue.
Perimysium - the sheath of connective tissue surrounding a bundle of muscle fibers.
Endomysium- a wispy layer of areolar connective tissue that ensheaths each individual muscle fiber
Fascicles - When a group of muscle fibers is “bundled” as a unit within the whole muscle
Muscle fiber - consist of a single muscle cell
Myofibrils- comprised of thick and thin filaments that are responsible for muscle contraction
Myofilaments - a numbers of tiny fibres (myofilaments) that provide the contractile power of muscles.
Sarcomere - the basic contractile unit of muscle fiber. Each sarcomere is composed of two main protein filaments—actin and myosin—which are the active structures responsible for muscular contraction.
Actin - thin filament
Myosin - thick filament

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22
Q

List the 4 functions of muscle tissue

A

movement, posture, joint stability, and heat production

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23
Q

List and define in 1 sentence the 4 properties of muscle tissue

A

Muscle tissue is characterized by its ability to contract (contractility), respond to stimuli (excitability), stretch (extensibility), and return to its original length after stretching (elasticity)

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24
Q

What is the function of a tendon?

A

Tough collagen attach muscles to bones.

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25
Q

What forms a joint(articulation) in the body?

A

Joints, or articulations, are formed by bones and connective tissues that hold them together

26
Q

What is the function of a joint?

A

Connect bones and or allow movement

27
Q

List the 3 functional classes of joints

A

immovable synarthrosis, slightly moveable amphiarthrosis, and freely moveable diarthrosis.

28
Q

List the 3 structural classes of joints. Put a * next to the type that is built for movement

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous and *synovial

29
Q

List the types of synovial joints in the body

A

hinge (elbow), saddle (carpometacarpal joint), planar (acromioclavicular joint), pivot (neck joint), condyloid (metacarpophalangeal joint), and ball and socket (hip joint).

30
Q

What are the 3 main layers of skin

A

Epidermis dermis and hypodermis

31
Q

What is the function of skin

A

Protection, connects to fascia and deep lying muscles

32
Q

What is bursa

A

Fluid filled pad located around a joint. Prevents wear and tear, decreases friction and shock. Usually found between moving structures (ligaments, tendons and close moving joints)

33
Q

What is the function of bursa

A

Prevents wear and tear. decrease friction and shock. Usually found between moving structures(under tendons ligaments and close to moving joints)

34
Q

What is the relationship between nerves and the musculoskeletal system

A

Nerves are directly responsible for controlling muscle movement within the musculoskeletal system, sending signals from the brain through the spinal cord to muscles, causing them to contract and generate movement

35
Q

What is a plexus?

A

medicine, a network or tangle of lymphatic vessels, nerves, or veins

36
Q

List the 4 main plexuses of the body

A

cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and saccral plexus

37
Q

What are the cranial nerves?

A

Cranial nerves are a set of 12 nerves that originate from the brain and brainstem and send electrical signals to different parts of the head, face, neck, and torso

38
Q

Define the term innervation

A

The nerve supply, usually to a specific part of the body.

39
Q

What are the radiographs capable of used/ for visualizing

A

It is used to diagnose or treat patients by recording images of the internal structure of the body to assess the presence or absence of disease, foreign objects, and structural damage or anomaly

40
Q

What will the patients experience when undergoing this procedure

A

Patients may experience a range of feelings during a radiography procedure, including fear, anxiety, and discomfort.

41
Q

Can the procedure of radiography affect a patients ability to participate in therapy

A

It can cause fear

42
Q

What are MRI’s capable of used for visualizing?

A

Provides clear view of soft tissue

43
Q

What will the patient experience when undergoing the procedure of an MRI?

A

Some level of anxiety.

44
Q

Can an mrI affect a patients ability to participate in therapy

A

They may be apprehensive to further help

45
Q

What are arthrographs capable of used for visualizing

A

Arthrography is an imaging test used to look at a joint, such as the shoulder, knee or hip

46
Q

What is the purpose of a bone densitometry test?

A

is used to measure bone strength and density

47
Q

What is the purpose of an Elctromyography test (EMG)

A

An Electromyography (EMG) test measures the electrical activity of muscles and nerves to help determine if they are functioning properly.

48
Q

What is the purpose of a Nerve conduction velocity?

A

A nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test measures how fast electrical impulses travel through a nerve, and is used to evaluate nerve function.

49
Q

What are ultrasounds capable of used for visualizing

A

One of the most common uses of ultrasound is during pregnancy, to monitor the growth and development of the fetus, but there are many other uses, including imaging the heart, blood vessels, eyes, thyroid, brain, breast, abdominal organs, skin, and muscles.

50
Q

What is the purpose of a bone scan

A

specialized radiology procedure used to examine the various bones of the skeleton. It is done to identify areas of physical and chemical changes in bone. A bone scan may also be used to follow the progress of treatment of certain conditions.

51
Q

What is the purpose of a discography?

A

To look for the cause of back pain

52
Q

What is the purpose of a erthrocyte sedimentation rate?

A

An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that that can show if you have inflammation in your body.

53
Q

What is joint aspiration used for

A

Joint aspiration, also known as arthrocentesis, is a procedure that removes fluid from a joint to relieve swelling and pain, or to diagnose a joint problem

54
Q

What is a computerized tomography scan(CT SCAN)

A

A CT scan is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to produce images of the inside of the body. It shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, organs and blood vessels.

55
Q

Can an arthroscopy be used as a diagnostic tool as well as a surgical treatment procedure. Indicate how it is used to diagnose and treat musculoskeletal conditions

A

Arthroscopy is used to diagnose and treat a wide range of knee problems. During knee arthroscopy, your surgeon inserts a small camera, called an arthroscope, into your knee joint. The camera displays pictures on a video monitor, and your surgeon uses these images to guide miniature surgical instruments.

56
Q

What will the patience experience during this procedure

A

You’ll be awake during your arthroscopy, but the most you’ll feel is pressure or a sensation of movement within the joint.

57
Q

What will the patience experience during this procedure

A

You’ll be awake during your arthroscopy, but the most you’ll feel is pressure or a sensation of movement within the joint.

58
Q

Can a arthroscopy be used to diagnose and treat a condition?

A

Arthroscopy is commonly used to diagnose and treat problems that damage the articular cartilage, ligaments, and other structures around the joint.

59
Q

What are myelograms capable of used for visualizing?

A

A myelogram is a diagnostic imaging test generally done by a radiologist. It uses a contrast dye and X-rays or computed tomography (CT) to look for problems in the spinal canal. Problems can develop in the spinal cord, nerve roots, and other tissues.

60
Q

What is the goal of a steroid injection?

A

They temporarily reduce your immune system’s activity to decrease inflammation. Providers usually use cortisone shots to treat inflammation in your joints, including your: Shoulders. Spine

61
Q

What is the main goal of a non steroidal anti inflammatory drug treatment?

A

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down a high temperature. They’re often used to relieve symptoms of: headaches.

1310 SURV MS DEF ENHANCED (2 decks)

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