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Physical Science > Unit 1 Terminology PW1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Terminology PW1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Electromagnetic Spectrum

A

the range of wavelengths that light can exist in

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2
Q

Luminous body

A

an object that emits light ex. sun

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3
Q

Non-luminous body

A

does not emit light, but reflects and absorbs it, sometimes called illuminated ex. book/desk

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4
Q

Incandescent

A

emits light when heated, the type/colour depends on temp ex. fire poker

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5
Q

Rectilinear propagation

A

light travels naturally in a straight line, unless acted upon by gravity

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6
Q

Transparent

A

objects transmit light while absorbing/reflecting ex. glass/window

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7
Q

Translucent

A

allows light to pass through, scatters and transmit light ex. frosted window

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8
Q

Opaque

A

an object either absorbs or reflects specific wavelengths ex, desk/book

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9
Q

Rays

A

A way to represent light on paper, doesn’t actually exist in nature

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10
Q

Beam

A

a collection or rays

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11
Q

Shadows

A

when an opaque object blocks the light

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12
Q

Umbra

A

A total shadow, crisp outlines

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13
Q

Penumbra

A

A partial shadow, fuzzy outlines

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14
Q

Wave

A

the transfer of energy in the form of a disturbance propagating through a medium

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15
Q

Transverse Waves

A

occur when the vibration of the medium if perpendicular to the direction of the energy transfer

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16
Q

Crest

A

the maximum position of a transverse wave

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17
Q

Trough

A

the minimum position of a transverse wave

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18
Q

Amplitude

A

the maximum displacement from the equilibrium

19
Q

Equilibrium

A

the point of balance, rest position

20
Q

Wavelength

A

the distance between successive crests or troughs, represented by lambda

21
Q

Longitudinal Waves

A

occur when the medium vibrates parallel to the direction of energy transfer, caused by the compressing and recoiling of the particles

22
Q

Compressions

A

regions with little space between particles

23
Q

Rarefactions

A

areas where particles are more spaced out

24
Q

Pulse

A

a wave with a short duration

25
Q

Cycle

A

one complete passing of a wave

26
Q

Periodic Motion

A

waves that vibrate in repeating cycles, also called harmonic motion

27
Q

Frequency (f)

A

the number of cycles passing by a certain point in a certain time, represented by Hz

28
Q

Period (T)

A

the time required for a full wave to pass by a certain point

29
Q

Intensity

A

related to wavelength and frequency, the longer the wavelength and smaller the frequency the less the intensity

30
Q

Universal Wave Equation

A

the relationship between speed, frequency, and wavelength. Applies to all waves, even those that aren’t electromagnetic. V=flambda

31
Q

Transmission

A

the process of a wave transferring it’s energy from one medium to another. The frequency remains the same.

32
Q

Reflection

A

A wave is reflected back in it’s original direction

33
Q

Fixed-end reflection

A

The wave will bounce back in the original direction but inverted.

34
Q

Damping

A

When the amplitude of the returning wave is smaller than that of the original. Some energy is lost to the barrier.

35
Q

Free-end Reflection

A

The wave returns in it’s original direction not inverted.

36
Q

Partial Reflection

A

Occurs at the boundary, some of the energy in transmitted.

37
Q

Interference

A

When two or more waves act simultaneously on a medium.

38
Q

Principle of Superposition

A

When two or more waves pass through each other the displacement can be found by adding those of each wave.

39
Q

Constructive Interference

A

Occurs when the resulting disturbance is greater than the individual disturbance.

40
Q

Destructive Interference

A

Occurs when the resulting disturbance is smaller than the individual disturbances.

41
Q

Standing Wave

A

A interference pattern with both maximum constructive and destructive interferences. Appears in such a way that looks as though the wave doesn’t move along the string.

42
Q

Nodes

A

The points where the medium meets the equilibrium

43
Q

Antinodes

A

The top/bottom point of crests or troughs.

44
Q

Rules of Standing Waves

A
  1. There must be two or more waves of the same frequency. One or both must be a reflected wave.
  2. There must either be a whole or half number of wavelengths.

Physical Science (3 decks)

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