Unit 1 Terminology Flashcards
Aspect (grammatical)
The utterer’s view or perspective of an event (irrespective of time)
Concerned with four parts of the internal nature of an event: Duration? Complete? Repetitive? Connected to time of utterance?
Two in English: ?? and ??
Word
The smallest language item that can occur on its own.
Two types: ?? and ??
Denotation
Explicit meaning
Connotation
Implied meaning
Word forms
Written or spoken forms of words, spelled as single units
Lexemes (lexical items)
The way words are represented in a dictionary (i.e., via meaning)
Collocation
Words that often appear together
Can be grammatical or lexical
Have strength (weak ==> strong ==> fixed)
Fixed expression
Collocations whose elements rarely appear with other words and are, for the most part, invariable
Semi-fixed expression
Collocations where some elements are fixed but some can vary
Style
The (usually deliberate) way something is written or said
Varies based on the context and the speaker/writer’s desired effect
Affects both grammar and lexical items
Register
Explains the relationship between the context and linguistic features of a text
Consists of three parts: field, tenor, and mode
Does a lot to predict the grammatical and lexical features of a text.\
Morpheme
The smallest meaningful unit in a language
Two types: ??? and ???
Phoneme
One of the distinctive sounds of a particular langauge
Changing it results in a change in meaning
Phonology
The study of the phonemic systems of particular languages
Phonemic system
One language’s collection of phonemes
Phonetics
The study of speech sounds in general
Syntax
The rules for sequencing words in order to show their relationships in meaning to each other
This + morphology = grammar
Discourse
Any piece of connected writing
Discourse analysis
The study of the linguistic features of a text which occur across sentences
Concerned with coherence and cohesion
Genre
A type of spoken or written discourse which is recognized and used within a culture or sub-culture
Structures tend to be conventional
Lexical elements tend to be characteristic
Communicative competence
What you need in order to communicate effectively
Proposed by Dell Hymes
Tense
The way a verb is inflected
Expresses how remote an utterance is to the utterer (often in time)
Only two in English: ?? and ??
