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Intro To Nursing 134 > Unit 1 Terminology > Flashcards

Unit 1 Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Afebrile

A

Without fever

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2
Q

Antipyretics

A

Medications that reduce fever

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3
Q

Auscultatory Gap

A

Disappearance of sound when obtaining a BP; typically occurs between the first and second Korotkoff sounds

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4
Q

Blood Pressure

A

Force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart

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5
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slower than normal heart rate; heart contracts fewer than 60 times/min

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6
Q

Capnography

A

Measurement of exhaled CO2 throughout exhalation

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7
Q

Conduction

A

Transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact (lose heat)

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8
Q

Convection

A

Transfer of heat away from air movement (ceiling fan)

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9
Q

Core Temperature

A

Temperature of deep structures of the body

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10
Q

Diaphoresis

A

Visible perspiration primarily occurring on the forehead and upper thorax

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11
Q

Diastolic Pressure

A

Pertaining to diastole, or the blood pressure at the instant of maximum cardiac relaxation; the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is filling

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12
Q

Dysrhythmia

A

Deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat; interval interrupted by an early, missed, or late beat indicate abnormal rhythm

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13
Q

Eupnea

A

Normal breathing; normal respirations that are quiet, effortless, and rhythmical

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14
Q

Evaporation

A

Transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas

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15
Q

Febrile

A

Pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature

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16
Q

Fever

A

Elevation in the hypothalamic set point so that body temperature is regulated at a higher level

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17
Q

Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

A

Fever with an unknown cause

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18
Q

Frostbite

A

Body is exposed to subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the cells, and permanent circulatory and tissue damage occurs

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19
Q

Heat Exhaustion

A

Abnormal condition caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes resulting from exposure to intense heat or the inability to acclimatize to heat

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20
Q

Heatstroke

A

Continued heat exposure to extreme heat that raises the core body temperature to 40.5C (105F) or higher

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21
Q

Hematocrit

A

Percentage of red blood cells in the blood, determines blood viscosity

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22
Q

Hypertension

A

Disorder characterized by an elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 120/80 mm Hg

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23
Q

Hypotension

A

Abnormal lowering of blood pressure that is inadequate for normal perfusion and oxygenation of tissues

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24
Q

Hypothermia

A

Abnormal lowering of body temperature below 35C, or 95F, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold

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25
Q

Hypoxemia

A

Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60 mm Hg; low oxygen level in the blood

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26
Q

Malignant Hyperthermia

A

Autosomal-dominant trait characterized by often fatal hyperthermia in affected people exposed to certain anesthesia agents

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27
Q

Non-shivering thermogenesis

A

Occurs primarily in neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at birth can be metabolized for heat production

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28
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands

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29
Q

Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)

A

Amount of hemoglobin fully saturated with oxygen, given as a percent value

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30
Q

Postural hypotension

A

Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when an individual assumes the standing posture; also called orthostatic hypotension

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31
Q

Pulse Deficit

A

Condition that exists when the radial pulse is less than the ventricular rate as auscultated at the apex or seen on an electrocardiogram. The condition indicates a lack of peripheral perfusion for some of the heart contractions

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32
Q

Pulse Pressure

A

Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures, normally 30 to 40 mm Hg

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33
Q

Pyrexia

A

Abnormal elevation of the temperature of the body above 37C. (98.6F) because of disease; same as fever

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34
Q

Pyrogens

A

Substances that cause a rise in body temperature, as in the case of bacterial toxins

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35
Q

Radiation

A

Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two objects

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36
Q

Shivering

A

An involuntary body response to temperature differences in the body

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37
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Device for measuring the arterial blood pressure that consists of an arm or leg cuff with an air bladder connected to a tube, a bulb for pumping air into the bladder, and a gauge for indicating the amount of air pressure being exerted against the artery.

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38
Q

Systolic Pressure

A

Pertaining to or resulting from ventricular contraction

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39
Q

Tachycardia

A

Rapid regular heart rate ranging between 100 and 150 beats/ min

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40
Q

Thermoregulation

A

Internal control of body temperature

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41
Q

Ventilation

A

Respiratory process by which gases are moved into and out of the lungs

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42
Q

Vital Signs

A

Temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respirations
Sometimes pain and SpO2 fall in the category as well

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43
Q

Generally the most independently functioning nurse. They have a Master’s degree in nursing, advanced education in Pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment; and certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice

A

Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)

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44
Q

The premier organization representing the interests of the nations 4.3 million registered nurses. It serves as the voice of the nursing profession and advocates for high quality patient care, fostering work environments conducive to ethical nursing practice. They establish standards of nursing practice, promote the rights of nurses, and guides the profession in addressing issues affecting nurses and the public they serve

A

American Nurses Association (ANA)

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45
Q

Help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease, and symptoms and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process. The nurse supports patients by providing measures that restore their emotional, spiritual, and social well- being. The nurses helps the patient and family set outcomes and assist them with meeting those outcomes with minimal financial costs, time, and energy.

A

Caregiver

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46
Q

An APRN who has graduate preparation (master’s degree or doctorate) in nursing and is also educated in midwifery, and is certified by the American College of Nurse- Midwives (ACNM)

A

Certified Nursing-Midwife (CNM)

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47
Q

An APRN with advanced education from an accredited nurse anesthesia program. Before applying to a nurse anesthesia program, a nurse must have at least 1 year of critical care or emergency experience. Nurse anesthetists practice both autonomously and in collaboration with a variety of health care providers on the inter-professional team to deliver high quality, holistic, evidence-based anesthesia and pain care services. They practice under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist, a physician with advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia

A

Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)

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48
Q

An APRN who has graduate preparations (master’s degree or doctorate) in nursing and is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice. They provide diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of patients in all health care settings. They also provide expertise and support to nurses caring for those patients at the bedside, help drive practice changes throughout an organization, and ensure the use of evidence-based practices and evidence-based care to achieve the best possible patient outcomes

A

Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)

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49
Q

A statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles a nurse will use to provide care to their patients

A

Code of Ethics

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50
Q

Involves educational programs offered by universities, hospitals, state nurses’ associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health care institutions. These programs update nurses’ knowledge about the latest research and practice developments, help them specialize in a particular area, and teach new skills and techniques crucial for improving patient care

A

Continuing Education

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51
Q

Describes the study of all genes in a person and interactions of those genes with one another and with that person’s environment

A

Genomics

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52
Q

Institution or training programs provided by a health care agency or institution. An in-service program is held in the institution and is designed to increase knowledge, skills, and competencies of nurses and other health care professionals employed by the instution

A

In-service Education

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53
Q

A federation of more than 130 national nurses’ association (NNA), representing more than 20 million nurses worldwide. The ICN developed the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), which is a standard terminology system used across the world to classify nursing phenomena, nursing actions or interventions and nursing outcomes that describe nursing practice

A

International Council of Nurses (ICN)

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54
Q

Responsible for management of the nursing staff in a health care agency. Beings w/ positions such as clinical care coordinators and assistant nurse managers. They need to be skilled in business and management and understand all aspects of nursing and patient care

A

Nurse Administrator

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55
Q

They work primarily in schools in nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments. They need experience in clinical practice to provide them with practical skills and theoretical knowledge. The primary focus is in a patient education department of an agency, such as a would treatment clinic to teach and coach patients and their families how to self manage their illness or disability, make positive choices or change their behaviors to promote their health and improve their health outcomes. They are usually specialized and hold certification and the only specific population of patients one example is a certified diabetic nurse educator (CDE) who partners with patients in their caregivers to improve diabetic self management and reduce the rate of hospitalizations or disease related complications

A

Nurse Educator

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56
Q

An APRN who has a graduate preparation in nursing. They provide primary, acute, and specialty healthcare to patients of all ages and in all types of healthcare settings. This care includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, and treatment; watching ongoing health status; evaluation of therapies; and health education. Some provide patient care in hospital settings, including critical care units. Others provide comprehensive care in outpatient settings, directly, managing the nursing and medical care of patient who are healthy or who have chronic conditions.

A

Nurse Practitioner (NP)

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57
Q

Conducts evidence-based practice, performance improvement, and research to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice. She or he often works in an academic setting, hospital, or independent professional, or community service agency. They preferred educational requirement is a doctoral degree, with at least a master’s degree in nursing

A

Nurse Researcher

58
Q

Incorporates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing, and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence. It is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connections of all humanity

A

Nursing

59
Q

you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises. You act on behalf of your patient, such as safeguarding their care against errors, suggesting alternatives to care, securing your patient’s health care rights, and facilitating personal and cultural preferences. For example, you provide additional information to help a patient decide whether to accept a treatment, or you find an interpreter to help family members communicate their concerns. Sometimes you need to defend patients’ rights to make health care decisions in a general way by speaking out against policies or actions that put patients in danger or conflict with their rights. They ensure that patients’ autonomy and self-determination are respected. It is hard and often provides unique emotional challenges to health care providers, especially when providing high-quality palliative or end-of-life care or caring for patients with debilitating chronic illnesses.

A

Patient Advocate

60
Q

deals with issues of concern to those practicing in the profession. Some professional organizations focused on specific areas such as critical care, advanced practice, maternal-child nursing, oncology, and nursing research. These organizations seek to improve the standards of practice, expanding nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within the specialty areas. In addition, professional organizations present educational programs and published journals.

A

Professional Organization

61
Q

project is to meet the challenge of preparing future nurses and advanced practice nurses to have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems within which they work. To achieve this goal, the IOM and QSEN faculty defined quality and safety competencies for nurses and proposed targets for the KSAs developed for prelicensure programs.

A

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

62
Q

In the United States a nurse who has completed a course of study at a state-approved, accredited school of nursing and has passed the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN).

A

Registered Nurse (RN)

63
Q

Pattern of health care in which a patient is treated for an acute episode of illness, for the sequence of an accident or other trauma, or during recovery from surgery

A

Acute Care

64
Q

Facility for the supervised care for older adults; provides activities such as meals and socialization during specified day hours

A

Adult Day Care Centers

65
Q

Also known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
It’s a federal statute that was signed into law in 2010. According to the materials, the ACA aimed to reduce overall medical costs, increase insurance company accountability, provide more choices for patients to select insurers, and increase access to health care. It prohibited denying coverage or limiting care for pre-existing conditions, expanded access to preventive services, and improved Medicare coverage for vulnerable populations

A

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

66
Q

Residential living facilities in which each resident has his or her own room and shares dining and social activity areas

A

Assisted Living

67
Q

Classifications based on a hospitalized patient’s primary and secondary medical diagnoses that are used at the bases for establishing Medicare reimbursement for patient care

A

Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG)

68
Q

Activities directed toward identifying future proposed therapy and the need for additional resources before and after returning home

A

Discharge Planning

69
Q

Institution devoted to providing medical, nursing, and custodial care for an individual over a prolonged period, such as during the course of a chronic disease or the rehabilitation phase after an acute illness

A

Extended Care Facility

70
Q

The differences in health care outcomes and dimensions in health care, including access, quality, and equity, among population groups. Disparities can be related to many variables, such as race, ethnicity, gender, location, disability, or social determinants.

A

Health Care Disparities

71
Q

Providing care that does not carry in quality because. Of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographical location, or socioeconomic status. It involves ensuring that all people have access to the health care resources they need and that those resources are distributed fairly and justly

A

Health Care Equity

72
Q

Health service provided in the patient’s place of residence to promote, maintain, or restore health or minimize the effects of illness and disability

A

Home Care

73
Q

System of family-centered care designed to help terminally ill people be comfortable and maintain a satisfactory lifestyle throughout the terminal phase of their illness

A

Hospice

74
Q

Payment mechanism for reimbursing hospitals for inpatient health care services in which a predetermined rate is set for treatment of specific illnesses

A

Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems (IPPS)

75
Q

State medical assistance to people with low incomes, based on Title XIX of the Social Security Act. State receives matching federal funds to provide medical care and services to people meeting categorical and income requirements

A

Medicaid

76
Q

Federally funded nationally health insurance program in the United States for people over 65 years of age. The program is administered in 2 parts. Part A provides basic protection against costs of medical, surgical, and psychiatric hospital care. Part B is a voluntary medical insurance program financed by in part from federal funds and in part from premiums contributed by people enrolled in the program

A

Medicare

77
Q

Required by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, the MDS is a uniforms data set established by the Department of Health and Human Services. It serves as the framework for any state-specified assessment instruments used to develop a written and comprehensive plan of care for newly admitted residents of nursing facilities

A

Minimum Data Set (MDS)

78
Q

Outcomes that are within the scope of nursing practice; consequences or effects of nursing interventions that result in changes in the patient’s symptoms, functional status, psychological distress, or costs

A

Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes

79
Q

Level of care that is designed to relieve or reduce intensity of uncomfortable symptoms but not to produce a cure. This type of care relies on comfort measures and use of alternative therapies to help individuals become more at peace during end of life

A

Palliative Care

80
Q

Concept to improve work efficiency by changing the way the patient care is delivered

A

Patient-Centered Care

81
Q

Combination of primary and public health care that is accessible to individuals and families in a community and provided at an affordable cost

A

Primary Health Care

82
Q

Restoration of an individual to normal or near-normal function after a physical or mental illness, injury, or chemical addiction

A

Rehabilitation

83
Q

Short-term health services to dependent older adults either in their homes or in an institutional setting

A

Respite Care

84
Q

Health care settings and services in which patients who are recovering from illness or disability receive rehabilitation and supportive care

A

Restorative Care

85
Q

Provided by a specialist or agency on referral by a primary health care provider. It requires more specialized knowledge, skill, or equipment than the primary care physician or nurse practitioner can provide

A

Secondary Health Care

86
Q

Institution or part of an institution that meets criteria for accreditation established by the sections of the Social Security Act that determine the basis for Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement for skilled nursing care; including rehabilitation and various medical and nursing procedures

A

Skilled Nursing Facility

87
Q

Sometimes called telemedicine.
It is the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies (e.g., using cloud-based video conferencing tools) to provide care when a patient and health care providers are not in the same place at the same time

A

Telehealth

88
Q

Specialized consultative care, usually provided on referral from secondary medical personnel.
Also called acute care

A

Tertiary Health Care

89
Q

State of being answerable for one’s actions- a nurse answers to himself or herself, the patient, the profession, the employing institution such as the hospital, and society for the effectiveness of nursing care performed

A

Accountability

90
Q

Process whereby a nurse objectively provides patients with the information they need to make decisions and supports the patients in whatever decisions they make

A

Advocacy

91
Q

Ability or tendency to function independently
Also the respect for a persons
Patients must be treated in a way that respects their self-determination by expressing their wishes and making informed choices about their treatment

A

Autonomy

92
Q

Doing good or actively promoting doing good; one of the four principles of ethical theory deontology

A

Beneficence

93
Q

Branch of ethics within the field of health care

A

Bioethics

94
Q

Case-based reasoning, turns away from conventional principles of ethics as a way to determine best actions and focuses instead of on the details of a situation

A

Casuistry

95
Q

Formal statement that delineates a profession’s guidelines for ethical behavior. It sets standards our expectations for the professional to achieve

A

Code of Ethics

96
Q

Act of keeping information private or secret; in health care the nurse shares information about a patient only with other nurses or health care providers who need to know private information about a patient to provide care for him or her; information can be shared only with the patient’s consent

A

Confidentiality

97
Q

Traditional theory of ethics that proposes to define actions as right or wrong based on the characteristics of fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice. The conventional use of ethical terms such as justice, autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence constitutes the practice of deontology

A

Deontology

98
Q

Principles or standards that govern proper conduct

A

Ethics

99
Q

Delivery of health care based on ethical principles and standards of care

A

Ethics of Care

100
Q

Ethical approach that focuses on the nature of relationships to guide participants in making difficult decisions, especially relationships in which power is unequal or in which a point of view has become ignored or invisible

A

Feminist Ethics

101
Q

Agreement to keep a promise

A

Fidelity

102
Q

Ethical standard of fairness

A

Justice

103
Q

Personal conviction that something is absolutely right or wrong in all situations

A

Morals

104
Q

Fundamental ethical agreement to do no harm. Closely related to ethical standard of beneficence

A

Nonmaleficence

105
Q

Ethic that proposes that the value of something is determined by it usefulness. The greatest good for the greatest number of people constitutes the guiding principle for action in a utilitarian model of ethics

A

Utilitarianism

106
Q

Personal belief about the worth of a given idea or behavior

A

Value

107
Q

Regulatory la, more clearly defines the expectations of civil and criminal laws

A

Administrative Law

108
Q

Legal term for touching another’s body without consent

A

Battery

109
Q

Decisions made in legal cases that were resolved in courts. After a case is presented to a judge or jury, there is a report of the issue, facts, findings, and subsequent decision that was made to resolve the issue

A

Case Law

110
Q

Statutes concerned with protecting a person’s right

A

Civil Law

111
Q

One source for law that is created by judicial decisions opposed to those created by legislative bodies (statutory law)

A

Common Law

112
Q

Derived from federal and state constitutions

A

Constitutional Law

113
Q

Concerned with acts that threaten society but may involve only an individual

A

Criminal Law

114
Q

The publication of false statements that result in damage to a person’s reputation

A

Defamation of Character

115
Q

A legal document that allows a person to appoint someone else to make health care decisions on their behalf if they become incapacitated or unable to make those decisions themselves. The person appointed is known as the health care agent or proxy. The DPAHC ensures that the patient’s wishes regarding medical treatment are followed if they cannot communicate those wishes themselves

A

Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPAHC)

116
Q

Process of obtaining permission from a patients to perform a specific test or procedure after describing all risks, side effects, and benefits

A

Informed Consent

117
Q

Knowingly or purposefully causing harm to an individual

A

Intentional Tort

118
Q

Written false statements that result in damage to a person’s reputation

A

Libel

119
Q

Injurious or unprofessional actions that harm another

A

Malpractice

120
Q

A pattern of conduct by a person with a duty of care to provide services that maintain the physical and/or mental health of a child or vulnerable adult

A

Neglect

121
Q

Careless act of omission or commission that results in injury to another

A

Negligence

122
Q

An RN educates, observes, and verifies that a non-registered nurse (e.g., LPN, nurse assistant, or assistive personnel) can do a specific task that is usually completed by an RN

A

Nurse Delegation

123
Q

Statutes enacted by the legislature of any of the states or the appropriate officers of the districts or possessions that describe and define the scope of nursing practice

A

Nurse Practice Acts

124
Q

Confidential document that describes any patient accident while the person is on the premises of a health care agency

A

Occurrence Report

125
Q

Type of insurance that is a contract between a nurse and insurance company. It is expensive when nurses do not have insurance that covered the costs of keeping their licenses to practice nursing

A

Professional Licensure Defense

126
Q

Both an intentional and unintentional tort. A voluntary act that directly causes damage to a person’s privacy or emotional well-being, but without the intent to injure or to cause distress

A

Quasi-Intentional Tort

127
Q

Function of hospital or other health facility administration that is directed toward identification, evaluation, and correction of potential risks that could lead to injury of patients, staff members, or visitors and result in property loss or damage

A

Risk Management

128
Q

A profession definition of what a nurse is licensed to perform

A

Scope of Nursing Practice

129
Q

Occurs when one speaks falsely about another

A

Slander

130
Q

Typically what a reasonably, prudent nurse would do under similar circumstances in the geographical area in which the alleged breach occurred. It’s the degree to which the evidence must show that a duty was violated, resulting in harm to the patient

A

Standard of Proof

131
Q

Reflect the knowledge and skill ordinarily possessed and used by nurses to perform within the scope of practice. They are derived from health care laws, best practice guidelines, white papers written by professional organizations, evidence-based nursing knowledge, and citizen advocacy groups

A

Standards of Nursing Care

132
Q

Of or related to laws enacted by a legislative branch of the government

A

Statutory Law

133
Q

Act that causes injury for which the injured party can bring civil action

A

Tort

134
Q

Arise when a person is harmed and the person inflicting the harm knew, or should have known, that these actions were less than the accepted scope and standards of practice

A

Unintentional Torts

135
Q

Information that comes from feelings of the patient.
What the patient says (e.g., pain level, past history, emotions)

A

Subjective data

136
Q

Unbiased facts.
Things you observe through your senses of hearing, smell, sight, touch and measure. (E.g., vital signs, bleeding, vomiting)

A

Objective data

137
Q

Monitors functions of the body and should be a thoughtful, scientific assessment

A

Vital signs

138
Q

What is the average core temperature for adults?

A

95F - 97F

139
Q

When do we measure vital signs?

A

on admission to a health care facility

When assessing a patient during home care visits

In a clinic setting before a health care provider examines the patient

After invasive procedures

In a hospital on a routine schedule according to the health care provider’s order or hospital standards of practice.

Before, during, and after a surgical procedure or invasive diagnostic/treatment procedure

Before, during, and after a transfusion of any type of blood product

Before, during, and after the administration of medications or therapies that affect cardiovascular, respiratory, or temperature-control functions

When a patient’s general physical condition changes (e.g., loss of consciousness or increased intensity of pain)

Before, during, and after nursing interventions influencing vital signs (e.g., before a pt previously on bed rest ambulates or before a pt performs range-of-motion exercises)

When a patient reports nonspecific symptoms of physical distress (e.g., feeling “funny” or “different”)

140
Q

What are factors affecting pulse?

A

Age
Gender
Exercise
Fever
Medications
Hypovolemia
Stress
Position changes
Pathology

141
Q

Conditions such as shock and severe dehydration cause extracellular fluid is loss and reduced circulating blood flow

A

Hypovolemia

Intro To Nursing 134 (1 decks)

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