Unit 1 Terminology Flashcards
1
Q
Afebrile
A
Without fever
2
Q
Antipyretics
A
Medications that reduce fever
3
Q
Auscultatory Gap
A
Disappearance of sound when obtaining a BP; typically occurs between the first and second Korotkoff sounds
4
Q
Blood Pressure
A
Force exerted on the walls of an artery by the pulsing blood under pressure from the heart
5
Q
Bradycardia
A
Slower than normal heart rate; heart contracts fewer than 60 times/min
6
Q
Capnography
A
Measurement of exhaled CO2 throughout exhalation
7
Q
Conduction
A
Transfer of heat from one object to another with direct contact (lose heat)
8
Q
Convection
A
Transfer of heat away from air movement (ceiling fan)
9
Q
Core Temperature
A
Temperature of deep structures of the body
10
Q
Diaphoresis
A
Visible perspiration primarily occurring on the forehead and upper thorax
11
Q
Diastolic Pressure
A
Pertaining to diastole, or the blood pressure at the instant of maximum cardiac relaxation; the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the heart is filling
12
Q
Dysrhythmia
A
Deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat; interval interrupted by an early, missed, or late beat indicate abnormal rhythm
13
Q
Eupnea
A
Normal breathing; normal respirations that are quiet, effortless, and rhythmical
14
Q
Evaporation
A
Transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
15
Q
Febrile
A
Pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature
16
Q
Fever
A
Elevation in the hypothalamic set point so that body temperature is regulated at a higher level
17
Q
Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)
A
Fever with an unknown cause
18
Q
Frostbite
A
Body is exposed to subnormal temperatures. Ice crystals form inside the cells, and permanent circulatory and tissue damage occurs
19
Q
Heat Exhaustion
A
Abnormal condition caused by depletion of body fluids and electrolytes resulting from exposure to intense heat or the inability to acclimatize to heat
20
Q
Heatstroke
A
Continued heat exposure to extreme heat that raises the core body temperature to 40.5C (105F) or higher
21
Q
Hematocrit
A
Percentage of red blood cells in the blood, determines blood viscosity
22
Q
Hypertension
A
Disorder characterized by an elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 120/80 mm Hg
23
Q
Hypotension
A
Abnormal lowering of blood pressure that is inadequate for normal perfusion and oxygenation of tissues
24
Q
Hypothermia
A
Abnormal lowering of body temperature below 35C, or 95F, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold
25
Hypoxemia
Arterial blood oxygen level less than 60 mm Hg; low oxygen level in the blood
26
Malignant Hyperthermia
Autosomal-dominant trait characterized by often fatal hyperthermia in affected people exposed to certain anesthesia agents
27
Non-shivering thermogenesis
Occurs primarily in neonates. Because neonates cannot shiver, a limited amount of vascular brown adipose tissue present at birth can be metabolized for heat production
28
Orthostatic hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands
29
Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Amount of hemoglobin fully saturated with oxygen, given as a percent value
30
Postural hypotension
Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when an individual assumes the standing posture; also called orthostatic hypotension
31
Pulse Deficit
Condition that exists when the radial pulse is less than the ventricular rate as auscultated at the apex or seen on an electrocardiogram. The condition indicates a lack of peripheral perfusion for some of the heart contractions
32
Pulse Pressure
Difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures, normally 30 to 40 mm Hg
33
Pyrexia
Abnormal elevation of the temperature of the body above 37C. (98.6F) because of disease; same as fever
34
Pyrogens
Substances that cause a rise in body temperature, as in the case of bacterial toxins
35
Radiation
Transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another without direct contact between the two objects
36
Shivering
An involuntary body response to temperature differences in the body
37
Sphygmomanometer
Device for measuring the arterial blood pressure that consists of an arm or leg cuff with an air bladder connected to a tube, a bulb for pumping air into the bladder, and a gauge for indicating the amount of air pressure being exerted against the artery.
38
Systolic Pressure
Pertaining to or resulting from ventricular contraction
39
Tachycardia
Rapid regular heart rate ranging between 100 and 150 beats/ min
40
Thermoregulation
Internal control of body temperature
41
Ventilation
Respiratory process by which gases are moved into and out of the lungs
42
Vital Signs
Temperature, blood pressure, pulse, and respirations
Sometimes pain and SpO2 fall in the category as well
43
Generally the most independently functioning nurse. They have a Master’s degree in nursing, advanced education in Pathophysiology, pharmacology, and physical assessment; and certification and expertise in a specialized area of practice
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)
44
The premier organization representing the interests of the nations 4.3 million registered nurses. It serves as the voice of the nursing profession and advocates for high quality patient care, fostering work environments conducive to ethical nursing practice. They establish standards of nursing practice, promote the rights of nurses, and guides the profession in addressing issues affecting nurses and the public they serve
American Nurses Association (ANA)
45
Help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease, and symptoms and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process. The nurse supports patients by providing measures that restore their emotional, spiritual, and social well- being. The nurses helps the patient and family set outcomes and assist them with meeting those outcomes with minimal financial costs, time, and energy.
Caregiver
46
An APRN who has graduate preparation (master’s degree or doctorate) in nursing and is also educated in midwifery, and is certified by the American College of Nurse- Midwives (ACNM)
Certified Nursing-Midwife (CNM)
47
An APRN with advanced education from an accredited nurse anesthesia program. Before applying to a nurse anesthesia program, a nurse must have at least 1 year of critical care or emergency experience. Nurse anesthetists practice both autonomously and in collaboration with a variety of health care providers on the inter-professional team to deliver high quality, holistic, evidence-based anesthesia and pain care services. They practice under the guidance and supervision of an anesthesiologist, a physician with advanced knowledge of surgical anesthesia
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist (CRNA)
48
An APRN who has graduate preparations (master’s degree or doctorate) in nursing and is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice. They provide diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing management of patients in all health care settings. They also provide expertise and support to nurses caring for those patients at the bedside, help drive practice changes throughout an organization, and ensure the use of evidence-based practices and evidence-based care to achieve the best possible patient outcomes
Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS)
49
A statement of philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principles a nurse will use to provide care to their patients
Code of Ethics
50
Involves educational programs offered by universities, hospitals, state nurses’ associations, professional nursing organizations, and educational and health care institutions. These programs update nurses’ knowledge about the latest research and practice developments, help them specialize in a particular area, and teach new skills and techniques crucial for improving patient care
Continuing Education
51
Describes the study of all genes in a person and interactions of those genes with one another and with that person’s environment
Genomics
52
Institution or training programs provided by a health care agency or institution. An in-service program is held in the institution and is designed to increase knowledge, skills, and competencies of nurses and other health care professionals employed by the instution
In-service Education
53
A federation of more than 130 national nurses’ association (NNA), representing more than 20 million nurses worldwide. The ICN developed the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), which is a standard terminology system used across the world to classify nursing phenomena, nursing actions or interventions and nursing outcomes that describe nursing practice
International Council of Nurses (ICN)
54
Responsible for management of the nursing staff in a health care agency. Beings w/ positions such as clinical care coordinators and assistant nurse managers. They need to be skilled in business and management and understand all aspects of nursing and patient care
Nurse Administrator
55
They work primarily in schools in nursing, staff development departments of health care agencies, and patient education departments. They need experience in clinical practice to provide them with practical skills and theoretical knowledge. The primary focus is in a patient education department of an agency, such as a would treatment clinic to teach and coach patients and their families how to self manage their illness or disability, make positive choices or change their behaviors to promote their health and improve their health outcomes. They are usually specialized and hold certification and the only specific population of patients one example is a certified diabetic nurse educator (CDE) who partners with patients in their caregivers to improve diabetic self management and reduce the rate of hospitalizations or disease related complications
Nurse Educator
56
An APRN who has a graduate preparation in nursing. They provide primary, acute, and specialty healthcare to patients of all ages and in all types of healthcare settings. This care includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, and treatment; watching ongoing health status; evaluation of therapies; and health education. Some provide patient care in hospital settings, including critical care units. Others provide comprehensive care in outpatient settings, directly, managing the nursing and medical care of patient who are healthy or who have chronic conditions.
Nurse Practitioner (NP)
57
Conducts evidence-based practice, performance improvement, and research to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice. She or he often works in an academic setting, hospital, or independent professional, or community service agency. They preferred educational requirement is a doctoral degree, with at least a master’s degree in nursing
Nurse Researcher
58
Incorporates the art and science of caring and focuses on the protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; facilitation of healing, and alleviation of suffering through compassionate presence. It is the diagnosis and treatment of human response, and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations in recognition of the connections of all humanity
Nursing
59
you protect your patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises. You act on behalf of your patient, such as safeguarding their care against errors, suggesting alternatives to care, securing your patient’s health care rights, and facilitating personal and cultural preferences. For example, you provide additional information to help a patient decide whether to accept a treatment, or you find an interpreter to help family members communicate their concerns. Sometimes you need to defend patients’ rights to make health care decisions in a general way by speaking out against policies or actions that put patients in danger or conflict with their rights. They ensure that patients’ autonomy and self-determination are respected. It is hard and often provides unique emotional challenges to health care providers, especially when providing high-quality palliative or end-of-life care or caring for patients with debilitating chronic illnesses.
Patient Advocate
60
deals with issues of concern to those practicing in the profession. Some professional organizations focused on specific areas such as critical care, advanced practice, maternal-child nursing, oncology, and nursing research. These organizations seek to improve the standards of practice, expanding nursing roles, and foster the welfare of nurses within the specialty areas. In addition, professional organizations present educational programs and published journals.
Professional Organization
61
project is to meet the challenge of preparing future nurses and advanced practice nurses to have the knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSAs) necessary to continuously improve the quality and safety of the health care systems within which they work. To achieve this goal, the IOM and QSEN faculty defined quality and safety competencies for nurses and proposed targets for the KSAs developed for prelicensure programs.
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
62
In the United States a nurse who has completed a course of study at a state-approved, accredited school of nursing and has passed the National Council Licensure Examination (NCLEX-RN).
Registered Nurse (RN)
63
Pattern of health care in which a patient is treated for an acute episode of illness, for the sequence of an accident or other trauma, or during recovery from surgery
Acute Care
64
Facility for the supervised care for older adults; provides activities such as meals and socialization during specified day hours
Adult Day Care Centers
65
Also known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA)
It’s a federal statute that was signed into law in 2010. According to the materials, the ACA aimed to reduce overall medical costs, increase insurance company accountability, provide more choices for patients to select insurers, and increase access to health care. It prohibited denying coverage or limiting care for pre-existing conditions, expanded access to preventive services, and improved Medicare coverage for vulnerable populations
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
66
Residential living facilities in which each resident has his or her own room and shares dining and social activity areas
Assisted Living
67
Classifications based on a hospitalized patient’s primary and secondary medical diagnoses that are used at the bases for establishing Medicare reimbursement for patient care
Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG)
68
Activities directed toward identifying future proposed therapy and the need for additional resources before and after returning home
Discharge Planning
69
Institution devoted to providing medical, nursing, and custodial care for an individual over a prolonged period, such as during the course of a chronic disease or the rehabilitation phase after an acute illness
Extended Care Facility
70
The differences in health care outcomes and dimensions in health care, including access, quality, and equity, among population groups. Disparities can be related to many variables, such as race, ethnicity, gender, location, disability, or social determinants.
Health Care Disparities
71
Providing care that does not carry in quality because. Of personal characteristics such as gender, ethnicity, geographical location, or socioeconomic status. It involves ensuring that all people have access to the health care resources they need and that those resources are distributed fairly and justly
Health Care Equity
72
Health service provided in the patient’s place of residence to promote, maintain, or restore health or minimize the effects of illness and disability
Home Care
73
System of family-centered care designed to help terminally ill people be comfortable and maintain a satisfactory lifestyle throughout the terminal phase of their illness
Hospice
74
Payment mechanism for reimbursing hospitals for inpatient health care services in which a predetermined rate is set for treatment of specific illnesses
Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems (IPPS)
75
State medical assistance to people with low incomes, based on Title XIX of the Social Security Act. State receives matching federal funds to provide medical care and services to people meeting categorical and income requirements
Medicaid
76
Federally funded nationally health insurance program in the United States for people over 65 years of age. The program is administered in 2 parts. Part A provides basic protection against costs of medical, surgical, and psychiatric hospital care. Part B is a voluntary medical insurance program financed by in part from federal funds and in part from premiums contributed by people enrolled in the program
Medicare
77
Required by the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987, the MDS is a uniforms data set established by the Department of Health and Human Services. It serves as the framework for any state-specified assessment instruments used to develop a written and comprehensive plan of care for newly admitted residents of nursing facilities
Minimum Data Set (MDS)
78
Outcomes that are within the scope of nursing practice; consequences or effects of nursing interventions that result in changes in the patient’s symptoms, functional status, psychological distress, or costs
Nursing-Sensitive Outcomes
79
Level of care that is designed to relieve or reduce intensity of uncomfortable symptoms but not to produce a cure. This type of care relies on comfort measures and use of alternative therapies to help individuals become more at peace during end of life
Palliative Care
80
Concept to improve work efficiency by changing the way the patient care is delivered
Patient-Centered Care
81
Combination of primary and public health care that is accessible to individuals and families in a community and provided at an affordable cost
Primary Health Care
82
Restoration of an individual to normal or near-normal function after a physical or mental illness, injury, or chemical addiction
Rehabilitation
83
Short-term health services to dependent older adults either in their homes or in an institutional setting
Respite Care
84
Health care settings and services in which patients who are recovering from illness or disability receive rehabilitation and supportive care
Restorative Care
85
Provided by a specialist or agency on referral by a primary health care provider. It requires more specialized knowledge, skill, or equipment than the primary care physician or nurse practitioner can provide
Secondary Health Care
86
Institution or part of an institution that meets criteria for accreditation established by the sections of the Social Security Act that determine the basis for Medicaid and Medicare reimbursement for skilled nursing care; including rehabilitation and various medical and nursing procedures
Skilled Nursing Facility
87
Sometimes called telemedicine.
It is the use of electronic information and telecommunication technologies (e.g., using cloud-based video conferencing tools) to provide care when a patient and health care providers are not in the same place at the same time
Telehealth
88
Specialized consultative care, usually provided on referral from secondary medical personnel.
Also called acute care
Tertiary Health Care
89
State of being answerable for one’s actions- a nurse answers to himself or herself, the patient, the profession, the employing institution such as the hospital, and society for the effectiveness of nursing care performed
Accountability
90
Process whereby a nurse objectively provides patients with the information they need to make decisions and supports the patients in whatever decisions they make
Advocacy
91
Ability or tendency to function independently
Also the respect for a persons
Patients must be treated in a way that respects their self-determination by expressing their wishes and making informed choices about their treatment
Autonomy
92
Doing good or actively promoting doing good; one of the four principles of ethical theory deontology
Beneficence
93
Branch of ethics within the field of health care
Bioethics
94
Case-based reasoning, turns away from conventional principles of ethics as a way to determine best actions and focuses instead of on the details of a situation
Casuistry
95
Formal statement that delineates a profession’s guidelines for ethical behavior. It sets standards our expectations for the professional to achieve
Code of Ethics
96
Act of keeping information private or secret; in health care the nurse shares information about a patient only with other nurses or health care providers who need to know private information about a patient to provide care for him or her; information can be shared only with the patient’s consent
Confidentiality
97
Traditional theory of ethics that proposes to define actions as right or wrong based on the characteristics of fidelity to promises, truthfulness, and justice. The conventional use of ethical terms such as justice, autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence constitutes the practice of deontology
Deontology
98
Principles or standards that govern proper conduct
Ethics
99
Delivery of health care based on ethical principles and standards of care
Ethics of Care
100
Ethical approach that focuses on the nature of relationships to guide participants in making difficult decisions, especially relationships in which power is unequal or in which a point of view has become ignored or invisible
Feminist Ethics
101
Agreement to keep a promise
Fidelity
102
Ethical standard of fairness
Justice
103
Personal conviction that something is absolutely right or wrong in all situations
Morals
104
Fundamental ethical agreement to do no harm. Closely related to ethical standard of beneficence
Nonmaleficence
105
Ethic that proposes that the value of something is determined by it usefulness. The greatest good for the greatest number of people constitutes the guiding principle for action in a utilitarian model of ethics
Utilitarianism
106
Personal belief about the worth of a given idea or behavior
Value
107
Regulatory la, more clearly defines the expectations of civil and criminal laws
Administrative Law
108
Legal term for touching another’s body without consent
Battery
109
Decisions made in legal cases that were resolved in courts. After a case is presented to a judge or jury, there is a report of the issue, facts, findings, and subsequent decision that was made to resolve the issue
Case Law
110
Statutes concerned with protecting a person’s right
Civil Law
111
One source for law that is created by judicial decisions opposed to those created by legislative bodies (statutory law)
Common Law
112
Derived from federal and state constitutions
Constitutional Law
113
Concerned with acts that threaten society but may involve only an individual
Criminal Law
114
The publication of false statements that result in damage to a person’s reputation
Defamation of Character
115
A legal document that allows a person to appoint someone else to make health care decisions on their behalf if they become incapacitated or unable to make those decisions themselves. The person appointed is known as the health care agent or proxy. The DPAHC ensures that the patient’s wishes regarding medical treatment are followed if they cannot communicate those wishes themselves
Durable Power of Attorney for Health Care (DPAHC)
116
Process of obtaining permission from a patients to perform a specific test or procedure after describing all risks, side effects, and benefits
Informed Consent
117
Knowingly or purposefully causing harm to an individual
Intentional Tort
118
Written false statements that result in damage to a person’s reputation
Libel
119
Injurious or unprofessional actions that harm another
Malpractice
120
A pattern of conduct by a person with a duty of care to provide services that maintain the physical and/or mental health of a child or vulnerable adult
Neglect
121
Careless act of omission or commission that results in injury to another
Negligence
122
An RN educates, observes, and verifies that a non-registered nurse (e.g., LPN, nurse assistant, or assistive personnel) can do a specific task that is usually completed by an RN
Nurse Delegation
123
Statutes enacted by the legislature of any of the states or the appropriate officers of the districts or possessions that describe and define the scope of nursing practice
Nurse Practice Acts
124
Confidential document that describes any patient accident while the person is on the premises of a health care agency
Occurrence Report
125
Type of insurance that is a contract between a nurse and insurance company. It is expensive when nurses do not have insurance that covered the costs of keeping their licenses to practice nursing
Professional Licensure Defense
126
Both an intentional and unintentional tort. A voluntary act that directly causes damage to a person’s privacy or emotional well-being, but without the intent to injure or to cause distress
Quasi-Intentional Tort
127
Function of hospital or other health facility administration that is directed toward identification, evaluation, and correction of potential risks that could lead to injury of patients, staff members, or visitors and result in property loss or damage
Risk Management
128
A profession definition of what a nurse is licensed to perform
Scope of Nursing Practice
129
Occurs when one speaks falsely about another
Slander
130
Typically what a reasonably, prudent nurse would do under similar circumstances in the geographical area in which the alleged breach occurred. It’s the degree to which the evidence must show that a duty was violated, resulting in harm to the patient
Standard of Proof
131
Reflect the knowledge and skill ordinarily possessed and used by nurses to perform within the scope of practice. They are derived from health care laws, best practice guidelines, white papers written by professional organizations, evidence-based nursing knowledge, and citizen advocacy groups
Standards of Nursing Care
132
Of or related to laws enacted by a legislative branch of the government
Statutory Law
133
Act that causes injury for which the injured party can bring civil action
Tort
134
Arise when a person is harmed and the person inflicting the harm knew, or should have known, that these actions were less than the accepted scope and standards of practice
Unintentional Torts
135
Information that comes from feelings of the patient.
What the patient says (e.g., pain level, past history, emotions)
Subjective data
136
Unbiased facts.
Things you observe through your senses of hearing, smell, sight, touch and measure. (E.g., vital signs, bleeding, vomiting)
Objective data
137
Monitors functions of the body and should be a thoughtful, scientific assessment
Vital signs
138
What is the average core temperature for adults?
95F - 97F
139
When do we measure vital signs?
on admission to a health care facility
When assessing a patient during home care visits
In a clinic setting before a health care provider examines the patient
After invasive procedures
In a hospital on a routine schedule according to the health care provider’s order or hospital standards of practice.
Before, during, and after a surgical procedure or invasive diagnostic/treatment procedure
Before, during, and after a transfusion of any type of blood product
Before, during, and after the administration of medications or therapies that affect cardiovascular, respiratory, or temperature-control functions
When a patient’s general physical condition changes (e.g., loss of consciousness or increased intensity of pain)
Before, during, and after nursing interventions influencing vital signs (e.g., before a pt previously on bed rest ambulates or before a pt performs range-of-motion exercises)
When a patient reports nonspecific symptoms of physical distress (e.g., feeling “funny” or “different”)
140
What are factors affecting pulse?
Age
Gender
Exercise
Fever
Medications
Hypovolemia
Stress
Position changes
Pathology
141
Conditions such as shock and severe dehydration cause extracellular fluid is loss and reduced circulating blood flow
Hypovolemia
