Unit 1 (Terminology) Flashcards
Pathology
the study of the nature of disease, its causes, development, and consequences
Pathogenesis
the development or progression of disease
Pathologic
change resulting from disease
Physiologic
change resulting from normal function or process
Histopathology
the study of cell/tissue structure of abnormal or diseased tissue
Etiology
cause
Idiopathic
of unknown etiology
Syndrome
group of signs/symptoms that occur together OR a disorder of multiple symptoms and causes
Diagnosis
determination of the nature of a disease using clinical exam and other producers
Prognosis
forecast or prediction of the probable course and/or outcome if a disease based on data collected
Necrosis
death of tissue noted by changes in the nucleus
Tumor
solid mass consisting of new growth in which the growth is uncontrolled and progressive
Abscess
circumscribed (localized) collection of pus
Wheal
hive or swelling; serum-filled papule or plaque associated with the release of histamine
Metaplasia
transformation of cells from one type to another type not normally found in the area
Hyperplasia
enlargement of tissue due to an increase in the NUMBER of cells
Aplasia
lack of tissue/growth; or lack of an organ
Hypertrophy
enlargement of tissue due to an increase in SIZE of cells
Atrophy
decrease in size of tissue due to decrease in the size of the cell
What structures of the oral cavity is derived from the epithelium (ectoderm)?
mucosa, glands, enamel
What structures of the oral cavity is derived from the connective tissue (mesenchymal cells)?
cartilage, bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, pulp, tendons, ligaments, fat, dentin
Macule
flat, nonpalpable, different color than surrounding tissue
Patch
large, flat, nonpalpable, different color than surrounding tissue
Papule
raised (elevated), palpable, same or different color
Plaque
large, raised, palpable, same or different color
Vesicle
small, elevated, fluid-filled
Bulla
large vesicle
Lobule
lobe or segmented of the whole
Nodule
solid, palpable, elevated, deeper, firmer and larger than papule
Exophytic
growing outward
Endophytic
growing inward into the underlying tissue
Pustule
circumscribed, elevated, containing pus
Sessile
having a broad or flat base
Pedunculated
on a stalk or stem-type base
Ulcer
depressed, crater, loss of epidermis
Corrugated
deeply wrinkled
Fissure
linear cleft, groove, furrow
Papillary
having small nipple-like projections in clusters
Verrucous
wart-like
Varicose
engorged, distended blood vessels
Extravasated
blood forced out of vessel into the surrounding tissue
Petechia
pinpoint size, red, extravasation
Purpura
submucosal hemorrhage, larger than petechial, extravasation
Ecchymosis
“bruise”, submucosal hemorrhage, extravasation
Hematoma
pooling of blood, submucosal hemorrhage, elevated, extravasation
Radiopaque
white/light areas, high density tissues
Radiolucent
dark/black areas, lower density tissues
Coalescence
fusing; parts of a whole joining to make one large lession
Multilocular
many compartments or chambers
Unilocular
one compartment
Circumscribed
with well-defined borders
Diffuse
with undefined borders
Scalloping around roots
effect occurring when a radiolucency extends between root of an xray
Resorption of bone or root
shortened bone seen radioscopically due to orthodontia
What are the 8 categories of diagnosing?
-clinical
-radiographic
-historical
-laboratory
-microscopic
-surgical
-therapeutic
-differential
Clinical
diagnosis by appearance and palpation of the lesion/abnormality
Radiographic
diagnosis by viewing radiographic appearance
Historical
diagnosis by personal, genetic, past/present medical and dental history
Labratory
diagnosis by lab tests
Microscopic
diagnosis by microscopic examination of smear or biopsied tissue
Surgical
diagnosis by exploratory surgery
Therapeutic
diagnosis by administration of drugs/vitamins
Differential
diagnosis by listing all possible diagnosis and then eliminating all but the actual diagnosis by applying the other methods listed above
What is the difference between differential and definitive diagnosis?
differential leads to the definitive diagnosis
Fordyce’s Granules
ectopic sebaceous glands
Linea Alba
white line associated with cheek biting
Mandibular Tori
excessive bone located on the lingual aspects of the mandible
Torus Palatinus
bony growth on the hard palate
Exostosis
general term for excessive bone
Melanin Pigmentation
localized macules of pigmentation caused by presence of melanin
Lingual Varicosities
bulging blood vessels
Leukoedema
opalescent grayish filminess on the buccal mucosa seen in African Americans and disappears when stretched
Lingual Lymphoid
oral tonsils located on the lateral borders of the tongue and are embedded in the folate papillae
Lingual Thyroid Nodule
thyroid tissue that has not distended and are located on the tongue
Retrocuspid Papilla
a nodule of tissue on the gingiva located on the mandibular canines
Fissured Tongue
benign condition characterized by deep grooves in the top surface of the tongue
Hairy Tongue
elongated filiform papillae
Crenated Tongue
indentations along the margins pressing on the teeth in occlusion
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
diamond/oval shaped denuded (bald) area, anterior to the circumualate papillae
Geographic Tongue
denuded (bald) filiform papilla
Commissural Lip Pits
lip dimples
Paramedian Lip Pits
rare congenital invaginations on either or both side of the midline of the lower lip vermilion; may extend deep into lip to express saliva
Caliculus Angularis
small pink keratinized papule on buccal mucosa at the commissure
