Unit 1 Study Deck Flashcards
Identify the joint and service planning processes. What is JOPP? What is different about MCPP
current doctrine for conducting joint, interagency, reflects the multinational planning activities. Joint operations planning process. Joint Operations Planning Process
- Initiation
- Mission Analysis
- COA Development
- COA Analysis and Wargame
- COA Comparison & Decision
- COA approval
- Orders Dev
MCPP
1. Problem framing
2. COA Dev
3. COA wargaming
4. COA Comparison and Decision
5. Orders Dev
6. Transition
Describe the three tenets of amphibious planning
- Commanders involvement
-Top down planning and provide important decisions for planning. - Unity of effort focus forces on mission accomplishment, single battle concept.
- Integrated planning
-Colocation of CMD and staff
-Use of functional area framework
Describe the purpose of the initiating directive and key information it contains
Issued by suprior to CATF and CLF to commence AO. Commanders intent, mission statement, Concept of Operations, C2 relationships, supporting forces, date of execution.
Describe the types of orders the common superior may issue to the CATF and CLF to initiate AO
WARNORD
Planning order
Alert Order
OPORD
What is the JFC’s role during primary and supporting responsibility matrix?
- There maybe other services involved and operations will be synchronized.
- Responsible for operational synchronization of the COA across joint force.
Explain the primary and supporting decisions in the decisions responsibility matrix
Primary Decisions:
1. Determine AMPHIB force mission
2. Select objective
3. Select COA and landing time and date
Supporting decisions:
1. Select method of entry, landing areas, beaches, beach areas.
2. Determine sea echoleon areas.
3. Determine LF objectives
4. Determine LZ and DZ
R2P2
Accelerated NPP/MCPP
Exdecuted by MEU and CPR
Rapid Response Planning Process
Conducted in time sensitive conditions where fast executable planning needs to occur. Depends on highly trained staff and forces.
Describe:
- Warn Order
- Planning Order
- Alert Order
- Op Order
- Warn Order - Provides overall guidance to start COA development.
- Planning Order - Provides guidance to start the planning process for a COA.
- Alert Order - Alerts forces to prepare to plan for COA execution.
- Op Order - Directs order execution to subordinate commands.
2 Method of entry
- Beachhead
- STOM - Ship to Objective maneuver
- Both
Describe the relationship between the landing plan and the embarkation plan
Tactical plan -> Landing Plan -> TPFDD -> Force Requirement
Tactical plan drive the development of detailed landing plan, landing plan drives TPFDD which drives the force requirement. Force requirements drive movement, embarkation, marshaling and staging
Describe the amphibious force echelons
Identify the potential sources for amphibious force echelons
- Assault Echelon - units embarked on ship force.
- Assault Follow On Echelon - supporting and sustaining units that not needed in initial assault but are required to sustain assault.
- Follow Up - Logistics supply chain supporting the echelon after landing.
List examples of AFOE
AMC
MSC
LMSR
Tankers
VISA
Army watercraft
Describe the principles of embarkation
- Support tactical plan - support shore SOM.
- Support Self sufficiency - Access to their equipment, weapons, supplies.
- Provide for dispersion - Dispersing supplies amongst multiple ships to mitigate loss of one ship and faster offload.
Describe the CATF and CLF embarkation responsibilities
CATF
1. Allocate assault and sealift shipping.
2. Ship characteristics pamphlet to CLF
3. Organize Navy forces for embarktation.
4. Prepare movement orders for ships
5. Approval embark and load plans
6. Plan for externaal support
CLF
1. Determine LF requirement for assault shipping.
2. Develop LF organization for embark
3. Determine embark support requirements
4. Prepare detailed load plan.
Describe the primary types of loading and their subsets
Combat loading
1. Combat unit loading - Assault element of the LF on single ship to support tactical plan on debarkation.
2. Combat organizational loading (economical, no regard to tactical considerations on debarkation, debark of complete units.)
3. Combat Spread loading (dispersion across ships, max flexibility and rapid build up ashore)
Admin Loading (peacetime)
1. Commodity Loading (ammo, cargo, various types loaded together and discharged without disturbing the other)
2. Selective Loading (arranged and organized based on issuance)
Describe the key documents associated with embarkation
Loadplan
CLAT - Cargo and Loading Analysis Table (Cargo by type)
VS&PT - Vehicle Summary and Priority Table (Priority for offloading)
UPTT - Unit Personnel and tonnage table (CLAT + VSPT + A/C)
ICODES - Integrated computerized deployment system
OE&AS
Organization for Embarkation and Assignment to Shipping (OE&AS)
Explain purpose of the movement phase and phasing
Movement Phase
Naval plan for the movement of the ATF to the objective area. Exploit sea as maneuver space.
Phasing
Starts when first ship leaves loading points and complete when AF arrive as AOA.
Describe considerations for movement
L-Logistics
M- Modes of transportation
O-OPSEC/deception
V-SurVeillance from enemy
E-Environment
R-Rehearsal requirements
R-Rendevou points
——–
Modes of transportation (Sea/airlift)
Adversary surveillance and force disposition
Hiding a large force at sea (deception planning)
Operations security (OPSEC) *
Defending the AF
Timing of force convergence
Pauses at regulating/rendezvous points
Rehearsal requirements
Logistics – UNREP, stops at staging areas
Environmental factors *
Describe considerations for associated factors in organizing movement
Factors:
L - Logistics
A - Arrival time
M - Mission
P - Port of embarkation
S - Ship Speed
S - SAG Screening
————
Mission
Port(s) of embarkation
Individual ship speed
Required arrival time
Availability of
Screening forces (SAG availability)
Logistical support forces
List movement groups and describe their composition
- Pre DDay MG - (Amphib advanced force) SA/RECON/Beach survey/MCM/MILDEC
- Amphib MG (AE)
- Transport MG (AFOE, hos ships, LMSR, MPF)
- Support MG (CSG, SAG, NSFS)
- Airlift MG (fly in echelon, Civil Reserve Air Fleet)
- Post DDay MG - (Fuel/ammo TAH)
- FU MG
Define echelons of the landing force (LF)
AE
AFOE
FU
Explain considerations for developing a postponement plan and its promulgation
Prepared by CATF, JFC controls execution
Plan to postpone mission due to:
Environment/Enemy/Friendly
Planned at 24 hour period - can depend on ties and ATO cycle.
What are some movement plan considerations?
CATF prepares and coordinates with Higher HQ.
Detailed plan - small force
General plan - big force
Routing instructions includes
-Departue from embark points
SOA and passage at sea.
EMCON posture TACSIT
Landing area
Define the action phase and H-Hour
Period of time between the arrival of LF in the op area to accomplish mission.
H hour - when first craft touch down on beach
Types of amphibo ops
D - Demonstrate - show of force to influence enemy or unfavorable COA.
R - Raid - Swift incursion with planned withdrawl
A - Assault - Launched from sea by AF to employ ctaft on LF to hostilility.
W - Withdrawl - Extract forces
O - Other - NEO/FHA/SECOPS/
How does the ATF use C2 to control surface and air s/s movement?
Central control of s/s movement to permit coordination of support for LF elements.
Surface elements MAY be decentralized for efficient control.
A/C always under centralized control
Describe the action phase planning considerations
S - Surface craft availbility
L - Location of Beaches
O - OTH
W - Weather/tidal
M - MIW
E - EMCON
Describe the ship-to-shore movement categories - 5
- Scheduled waves
predetermined times, initial phase of assault, close to H/L hour - Oncall waves
LF on call units on standby ready to execute when urgent need ashore is anticipated. - Nonschedule units and remaining LF coordinated by TACLOG
- Prepositioned emergency supplies
CLF’s designation of supplies to meet critical equipment, prestaged in floating dumps. - Unloading ops
-Selective unloading - tactical, immidiate support
-General unloading - speed.
Discuss the categories of naval surface fires that may occur in the action phase
Close support fires in initial assault
-select prearranged fires in closely fixed schedule in zone of action. SACC coordination.
Deep support Fires
-in zone of responsibility and prearranged schedule to neutralize known enemy
Fire support plan
-NSFS and aviation assets to conduct
Non kinetic fire
Describe the purpose of a subsidiary landing
Conducted by elements of AF to support main landing to seize specific areas to use for
Support arms position, temporary air capable location, anchorages, air waring
Seize area to deny use to the enemy in opposing the main landing.
Discuss the re-embarkation consideration
CBRN
Personnel and equipment
Beaches and usable ports
Time available for reembark
FP
Follow on task
Describe
CCO
PCO
SCO
Type of Naval Control Group
CCO - Central Control Officer
Overall in charge of s/s movement. Can be in charge of multiple beaches.
PCO - Primary Control Officer
Controls movement of s/s to specific beach.
SCO - Secondary
Back up to PCO.
Describe the purpose for conducting preparation and shaping operations
-Help set the conditions for successful execution of the operation.
-Establish the preconditions for a range of activities to be conducted within the operational area.
Describe the types of preparation and shaping operations
CAPS
1. Conceal Force
-Hide force/confuse enemy/reduce enemy sensor effectiveness.
-MIDEC/OPSEC/EMCON
-SIGCON/SATVUL
- Supporting operations
-Establish requisite conditions for an amphibious operations.
-Commanded by JFC/requested by CAFT/CLF.
Example: MCM/METOC/SOF/ISR
Deception Ops & hydrographic recon - Amphib Advanced Force Ops
-Temporary organization taksed with prepares the AOA
-Precedes the main body to AOA.
-Recon or intel collection missions
-CATF/CLF/Support - Pre-landing Ops
-Takes place between the arrival of AF into OPAREA and ship to shore movement.
-Focus on landing beaches, LZ
-Considerations: Covert, overt, deceptive
-CATF/CLF conduct prelanding, support forces conduct prelanding and supporting
Discuss how preparation and shaping operations relate to the phases of an amphibious operation.
Maybe executed throughout all phases of an amphibious operation and not independently. PERMA
Preparation and Shaping Spectrum of Conflict
-Higher- amphibious assault or raid.
-Lower - to support other amphib ops NEO FHA
Prelanding planning considerations and Adv and Dis
Covert
-AD: Potential to achevie suprise
-DIS: Prep of landing area
Overt
-Landing area prepared and isolated
-Adversary reserves triggered
Deceptive
-Adversary disrupted and numbers reduced
-reduced combat power
Organization of boat waves/Boat groups/boat flotilla
Boat flotilla: an organization of two or more boat groups
Boat group: the basic organization of landing craft organized to carry LF element within scheduled waves at a designated beach
Boat wave: landing craft of troops, equipment, or cargo requiring simultaneous landing
List objectives of rehearsal
Exercise the force in the CONOPS, with OPSEC and time being key limiting factors.
Phasing - May be conducted concurrently with other phases of amphibious operation but most often associated wsith movement phase.
List and describe 3 types of rehearsals
Staff Rehearsal
- All participating staff, ROC drill
Integrated Rehearsal
-between ATF and LF staff, large scale exercise
Separate Force Rehearsal
-Conducted by elements of LF not intimately associated or dependent on other elements, any combination of above.
Explain the consideration for planning and conducting rehearsals
L-Location of rehearsal areas
O-OPSEC
N- Number
D-Date/time
Define command and control in accordance with Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States
The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission
Performed through arrangement of personnel command equipment, facilities in planning, directly, coordinating and controlling forces and operations.
List and describe the levels of war
Strategic - National policy/Theater strategy/multinational/use of national resources to achieve objectives. PRES/SECDEF/JCOF
Operational - theater strategy, Major Operations
merge political, economic, geographical to syncronize air land sea space
Tactical - Major ops/Battles/Units
battles and engagements to achieve military objectives.
List and describe the four command authorities
Command Authority- Unique to COCOM
-COCOM is the nontransferable command authority established by Title 10 exercised only by commanders designated by SECDEF or Pres over assigned forces.
-Organize and employ forces, assign taks, objectives and give authoritative direction over military ops.
OPCON - when delegated
-Command authority at or below CCMD.
-Authoritative direction over military operations.
-Organize employ CMD and forces, assign command functions to subordinates
Establish plans and requirements for ISAR
Suspend subordinates from duty
TACON - when delegated
- Local detailed direction and control of movements to accomplish mission.
Support - when assigned
-Aid, assist, protect, sustain another organization.
List and describe the four support relationships
What do they have in common?
General Support - Given to the force as a whole rather then a subdivision.
Mutual Support - Units render support to each other against the enemy because of their assigned task.
Direct Support - Mission requiring a force to support another specific force.
Close Support - The action of supporting force that is close to the supported force and require detailed integration or coordination.
Must have a common superior
Explain the structure of the Joint Task Force organization
Joint force is about COCOM, OPCON and TACON.
NOT about ADCON.
JTF Commander (Has OPCON over)
Joint Task Forces (Area or Functional, USFJ/USFK)
Functional Areas (JFMCC/JFACC)
Service Components (PACFLT/MARFORPAC)
Attachments (Special Recon Squa)
Describe the authorities of administrative control (ADCON), coordinating authority, and direct liaison authorized (DIRLAUTH)
Coordinating Authority - (Consultation relationship) Delegated authority to CDR for coordinating specific function and activities involving forces of 2+ military departments, joint force components or forces of same service.
ADCON - Always under ADCON. Man equip train. organizational control over resources.
Direct Liaison Authorized (DIRLAUTH) – authority granted by a CDR (at any level) to a subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command
Describe how command authority is transferred via the global force management process
Global Force Management - Process that allows for management of forces among CCDRs. 4 star level decision making. Changing CHOP date.
Must be under OPCON of CCDR in theater to conduct missions and requires CHOP.
Must be assigned to a CCDR or allocated to a CCDR by SECDEF in GFMAP
Explain the different command authorities associated with assigned, allocated, attached, and apportioned forces
Not Assinged - Service retained*If not assigned, then forces are service retained.
Assigned - CCDR exercising COCOM over forces identified. Can assign or reassign subordinate commanders.
Allocated - Temporaily distributed forces and resources for specific mission. Support world wide operations by filling request for forces as published in the GFMAP.
Attached - Forces placed under temporary command authority (OPCON/TACON) of another CCDR
Apportioned - Identified forces available for execution of plans in suport of contingency plans. Estimates availability of forces for planning.
Identify the eleven combatant commands
Commander in Chief -> SECDEF->
SOUTHCOM
NORTHCOM
EUCOM
CENTCOM
AFRICOM
INDOPACOM
SPACECOM
FUNC:
SOCOM
TRANSCOM
STRATCOM
CYBERCOM
Condition 1A
CONDITION REQUIRED TO CONDUCT WET WELL OPS.
Red well
When conditions are not safe for launch/recovery. Craft prohibited from entering the well.
Green well
Craft authorized to enter exit craft.
Sill
Dept at the sill
Extreme aft portion of the well deck
Dept measures where stern gate meets ship
Craft alive
Movement of craft when min depth to float is reached.
Sliding of craft when not secured in a dry well.
Craft grounded
When craft rests on the well deck
Water barrier
LSd41 have traverse watertight gates that limit well flooding
Wedge
Steep/shallow wedge
Physical shape of the water in the well
Steep: dry forward and 4-8 ft water at sill
Shallow: Small difference in depth at the sill.
Stern gate positions
45 above horizontal/White band
90 // and level with welldeck/White + black band
10 below horizontal/White + yellow band
Stops - fully opened and resting on its braces/White +2 black band
Identify the differences between the ARG-MEU command arrangements of aggregated, split, disaggregated, and distributed
Aggregated - under a single GCC and can do all 10 METS, retains unity of command optimal operational, sustainment, training cap, cannot respond to multiple missions across GCC.
(Agg)Split - under a single GCC but beyond operational reach of organic AC, unity of command retained at all levels, needs aggregation to accomplish METS Cannot complete all METS.
Disaggregated - Operating under more than one GCC, distict OPCON/TACON chains within GCC. METS depends on embarked capability, cannot complete all METS. UCP restricts trans regional engagement.
Distributed - supporting multiple GCCs, Cannot complete METS, force is split. METS depend on embarked capability. UCP does not restrict trans regional engagement(cross UCP boundary movement). Priority of mission there will be friction
GFMIG
GFMAP
GFMIG - Global Force Management Implementation Guide
-Annual document
Global Force Management Allocation Plan.
-Spreadsheet listing every single unit and the document that transfers OPCON between CDRs.
When forces are not on deployment they are?
Assigned to a CCDR (PACFLT)
If not assigned, then they are service retained (USFF)
What are ventilation safety considerations?
Verify ventalation work 30 prior to ops, during and 30 min after securing.
Other safety considerations
All vehicles must be griped
No moving ships when craft alive
Linehandlers tend lines min 18 inches away from cleats
LCAC Instructions
SEAOPS
Wel well manual
When does LCAC crew day start end?
Start when ME come OL, end with last ME end.
Followed by 12 hour non-operational
Typically 8-12 hours by day, 6-8 hours by night. Seastate dependent.
What is LCU crew day hours?
14 hours limit.
Sea state >5, night or low vis - 8 hours or less.
Are simultaneous ops allowed, air and well deck ops?
Yes. Allowed. But AC are not allowed to approach stern of ship during wet well ops unless coordinated movement.
What is shoring?
Used when transocanic transit
if more then 96 hours exsist between evolutions
great wave highets expected
I type shoring
What is the revision process like?
PD
PRA
CRA
- Requires coordination between Navy Warfare Development Command and MC Combat Development Command
PD - Outlines information for doctrine development and review.
PRA - Primary Review Authority
-Organization assigned to develop and maintain pub.
CRA - Coordinating Review Authority
-Coordinates with SME to update and maintain
PRA may decide to retain, update change or develop new PUB or Cancel
