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Unit 1 > Unit 1 Study Deck > Flashcards

Unit 1 Study Deck Flashcards

1
Q

Identify the joint and service planning processes. What is JOPP? What is different about MCPP

A

current doctrine for conducting joint, interagency, reflects the multinational planning activities. Joint operations planning process. Joint Operations Planning Process

  1. Initiation
  2. Mission Analysis
  3. COA Development
  4. COA Analysis and Wargame
  5. COA Comparison & Decision
  6. COA approval
  7. Orders Dev

MCPP
1. Problem framing
2. COA Dev
3. COA wargaming
4. COA Comparison and Decision
5. Orders Dev
6. Transition

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2
Q

Describe the three tenets of amphibious planning

A
  1. Commanders involvement
    -Top down planning and provide important decisions for planning.
  2. Unity of effort focus forces on mission accomplishment, single battle concept.
  3. Integrated planning
    -Colocation of CMD and staff
    -Use of functional area framework
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3
Q

Describe the purpose of the initiating directive and key information it contains

A

Issued by suprior to CATF and CLF to commence AO. Commanders intent, mission statement, Concept of Operations, C2 relationships, supporting forces, date of execution.

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4
Q

Describe the types of orders the common superior may issue to the CATF and CLF to initiate AO

A

WARNORD
Planning order
Alert Order
OPORD

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5
Q

What is the JFC’s role during primary and supporting responsibility matrix?

A
  • There maybe other services involved and operations will be synchronized.
  • Responsible for operational synchronization of the COA across joint force.
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6
Q

Explain the primary and supporting decisions in the decisions responsibility matrix

A

Primary Decisions:
1. Determine AMPHIB force mission
2. Select objective
3. Select COA and landing time and date

Supporting decisions:
1. Select method of entry, landing areas, beaches, beach areas.
2. Determine sea echoleon areas.
3. Determine LF objectives
4. Determine LZ and DZ

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7
Q

R2P2

A

Accelerated NPP/MCPP
Exdecuted by MEU and CPR
Rapid Response Planning Process
Conducted in time sensitive conditions where fast executable planning needs to occur. Depends on highly trained staff and forces.

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8
Q

Describe:

  1. Warn Order
  2. Planning Order
  3. Alert Order
  4. Op Order
A
  1. Warn Order - Provides overall guidance to start COA development.
  2. Planning Order - Provides guidance to start the planning process for a COA.
  3. Alert Order - Alerts forces to prepare to plan for COA execution.
  4. Op Order - Directs order execution to subordinate commands.
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9
Q

2 Method of entry

A
  1. Beachhead
  2. STOM - Ship to Objective maneuver
  3. Both
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10
Q

Describe the relationship between the landing plan and the embarkation plan

A

Tactical plan -> Landing Plan -> TPFDD -> Force Requirement

Tactical plan drive the development of detailed landing plan, landing plan drives TPFDD which drives the force requirement. Force requirements drive movement, embarkation, marshaling and staging

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11
Q

Describe the amphibious force echelons
Identify the potential sources for amphibious force echelons

A
  1. Assault Echelon - units embarked on ship force.
  2. Assault Follow On Echelon - supporting and sustaining units that not needed in initial assault but are required to sustain assault.
  3. Follow Up - Logistics supply chain supporting the echelon after landing.
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12
Q

List examples of AFOE

A

AMC
MSC
LMSR
Tankers
VISA
Army watercraft

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13
Q

Describe the principles of embarkation

A
  1. Support tactical plan - support shore SOM.
  2. Support Self sufficiency - Access to their equipment, weapons, supplies.
  3. Provide for dispersion - Dispersing supplies amongst multiple ships to mitigate loss of one ship and faster offload.
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14
Q

Describe the CATF and CLF embarkation responsibilities

A

CATF
1. Allocate assault and sealift shipping.
2. Ship characteristics pamphlet to CLF
3. Organize Navy forces for embarktation.
4. Prepare movement orders for ships
5. Approval embark and load plans
6. Plan for externaal support

CLF
1. Determine LF requirement for assault shipping.
2. Develop LF organization for embark
3. Determine embark support requirements
4. Prepare detailed load plan.

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15
Q

Describe the primary types of loading and their subsets

A

Combat loading
1. Combat unit loading - Assault element of the LF on single ship to support tactical plan on debarkation.
2. Combat organizational loading (economical, no regard to tactical considerations on debarkation, debark of complete units.)
3. Combat Spread loading (dispersion across ships, max flexibility and rapid build up ashore)

Admin Loading (peacetime)
1. Commodity Loading (ammo, cargo, various types loaded together and discharged without disturbing the other)
2. Selective Loading (arranged and organized based on issuance)

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16
Q

Describe the key documents associated with embarkation

A

Loadplan
CLAT - Cargo and Loading Analysis Table (Cargo by type)

VS&PT - Vehicle Summary and Priority Table (Priority for offloading)

UPTT - Unit Personnel and tonnage table (CLAT + VSPT + A/C)

ICODES - Integrated computerized deployment system

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17
Q

OE&AS

A

Organization for Embarkation and Assignment to Shipping (OE&AS)

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18
Q

Explain purpose of the movement phase and phasing

A

Movement Phase
Naval plan for the movement of the ATF to the objective area. Exploit sea as maneuver space.

Phasing
Starts when first ship leaves loading points and complete when AF arrive as AOA.

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19
Q

Describe considerations for movement

A

L-Logistics
M- Modes of transportation
O-OPSEC/deception
V-SurVeillance from enemy
E-Environment
R-Rehearsal requirements
R-Rendevou points
——–
Modes of transportation (Sea/airlift)
Adversary surveillance and force disposition
Hiding a large force at sea (deception planning)
Operations security (OPSEC) *
Defending the AF
Timing of force convergence
Pauses at regulating/rendezvous points
Rehearsal requirements
Logistics – UNREP, stops at staging areas
Environmental factors *

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20
Q

Describe considerations for associated factors in organizing movement

A

Factors:

L - Logistics
A - Arrival time
M - Mission
P - Port of embarkation
S - Ship Speed
S - SAG Screening
————
Mission
Port(s) of embarkation
Individual ship speed
Required arrival time
Availability of
Screening forces (SAG availability)
Logistical support forces

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21
Q

List movement groups and describe their composition

A
  1. Pre DDay MG - (Amphib advanced force) SA/RECON/Beach survey/MCM/MILDEC
  2. Amphib MG (AE)
  3. Transport MG (AFOE, hos ships, LMSR, MPF)
  4. Support MG (CSG, SAG, NSFS)
  5. Airlift MG (fly in echelon, Civil Reserve Air Fleet)
  6. Post DDay MG - (Fuel/ammo TAH)
  7. FU MG
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22
Q

Define echelons of the landing force (LF)

A

AE
AFOE
FU

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23
Q

Explain considerations for developing a postponement plan and its promulgation

A

Prepared by CATF, JFC controls execution
Plan to postpone mission due to:
Environment/Enemy/Friendly
Planned at 24 hour period - can depend on ties and ATO cycle.

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24
Q

What are some movement plan considerations?

A

CATF prepares and coordinates with Higher HQ.

Detailed plan - small force
General plan - big force

Routing instructions includes
-Departue from embark points
SOA and passage at sea.
EMCON posture TACSIT
Landing area

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25
Q

Define the action phase and H-Hour

A

Period of time between the arrival of LF in the op area to accomplish mission.

H hour - when first craft touch down on beach

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26
Q

Types of amphibo ops

A

D - Demonstrate - show of force to influence enemy or unfavorable COA.

R - Raid - Swift incursion with planned withdrawl

A - Assault - Launched from sea by AF to employ ctaft on LF to hostilility.

W - Withdrawl - Extract forces

O - Other - NEO/FHA/SECOPS/

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27
Q

How does the ATF use C2 to control surface and air s/s movement?

A

Central control of s/s movement to permit coordination of support for LF elements.
Surface elements MAY be decentralized for efficient control.
A/C always under centralized control

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28
Q

Describe the action phase planning considerations

A

S - Surface craft availbility
L - Location of Beaches
O - OTH
W - Weather/tidal
M - MIW
E - EMCON

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29
Q

Describe the ship-to-shore movement categories - 5

A
  1. Scheduled waves
    predetermined times, initial phase of assault, close to H/L hour
  2. Oncall waves
    LF on call units on standby ready to execute when urgent need ashore is anticipated.
  3. Nonschedule units and remaining LF coordinated by TACLOG
  4. Prepositioned emergency supplies
    CLF’s designation of supplies to meet critical equipment, prestaged in floating dumps.
  5. Unloading ops
    -Selective unloading - tactical, immidiate support
    -General unloading - speed.
30
Q

Discuss the categories of naval surface fires that may occur in the action phase

A

Close support fires in initial assault
-select prearranged fires in closely fixed schedule in zone of action. SACC coordination.

Deep support Fires
-in zone of responsibility and prearranged schedule to neutralize known enemy

Fire support plan
-NSFS and aviation assets to conduct
Non kinetic fire

31
Q

Describe the purpose of a subsidiary landing

A

Conducted by elements of AF to support main landing to seize specific areas to use for

Support arms position, temporary air capable location, anchorages, air waring

Seize area to deny use to the enemy in opposing the main landing.

32
Q

Discuss the re-embarkation consideration

A

CBRN
Personnel and equipment
Beaches and usable ports
Time available for reembark
FP
Follow on task

33
Q

Describe
CCO
PCO
SCO

A

Type of Naval Control Group

CCO - Central Control Officer
Overall in charge of s/s movement. Can be in charge of multiple beaches.

PCO - Primary Control Officer
Controls movement of s/s to specific beach.

SCO - Secondary
Back up to PCO.

34
Q

Describe the purpose for conducting preparation and shaping operations

A

-Help set the conditions for successful execution of the operation.
-Establish the preconditions for a range of activities to be conducted within the operational area.

35
Q

Describe the types of preparation and shaping operations

A

CAPS
1. Conceal Force
-Hide force/confuse enemy/reduce enemy sensor effectiveness.
-MIDEC/OPSEC/EMCON
-SIGCON/SATVUL

  1. Supporting operations
    -Establish requisite conditions for an amphibious operations.
    -Commanded by JFC/requested by CAFT/CLF.
    Example: MCM/METOC/SOF/ISR
    Deception Ops & hydrographic recon
  2. Amphib Advanced Force Ops
    -Temporary organization taksed with prepares the AOA
    -Precedes the main body to AOA.
    -Recon or intel collection missions
    -CATF/CLF/Support
  3. Pre-landing Ops
    -Takes place between the arrival of AF into OPAREA and ship to shore movement.
    -Focus on landing beaches, LZ
    -Considerations: Covert, overt, deceptive
    -CATF/CLF conduct prelanding, support forces conduct prelanding and supporting
36
Q

Discuss how preparation and shaping operations relate to the phases of an amphibious operation.

A

Maybe executed throughout all phases of an amphibious operation and not independently. PERMA

37
Q

Preparation and Shaping Spectrum of Conflict

A

-Higher- amphibious assault or raid.
-Lower - to support other amphib ops NEO FHA

38
Q

Prelanding planning considerations and Adv and Dis

A

Covert
-AD: Potential to achevie suprise
-DIS: Prep of landing area

Overt
-Landing area prepared and isolated
-Adversary reserves triggered

Deceptive
-Adversary disrupted and numbers reduced
-reduced combat power

39
Q

Organization of boat waves/Boat groups/boat flotilla

A

Boat flotilla: an organization of two or more boat groups
Boat group: the basic organization of landing craft organized to carry LF element within scheduled waves at a designated beach
Boat wave: landing craft of troops, equipment, or cargo requiring simultaneous landing

40
Q

List objectives of rehearsal

A

Exercise the force in the CONOPS, with OPSEC and time being key limiting factors.

Phasing - May be conducted concurrently with other phases of amphibious operation but most often associated wsith movement phase.

41
Q

List and describe 3 types of rehearsals

A

Staff Rehearsal
- All participating staff, ROC drill

Integrated Rehearsal
-between ATF and LF staff, large scale exercise

Separate Force Rehearsal
-Conducted by elements of LF not intimately associated or dependent on other elements, any combination of above.

42
Q

Explain the consideration for planning and conducting rehearsals

A

L-Location of rehearsal areas
O-OPSEC
N- Number
D-Date/time

43
Q

Define command and control in accordance with Doctrine for the Armed Forces of the United States

A

The exercise of authority and direction by a properly designated commander over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission

Performed through arrangement of personnel command equipment, facilities in planning, directly, coordinating and controlling forces and operations.

44
Q

List and describe the levels of war

A

Strategic - National policy/Theater strategy/multinational/use of national resources to achieve objectives. PRES/SECDEF/JCOF

Operational - theater strategy, Major Operations
merge political, economic, geographical to syncronize air land sea space

Tactical - Major ops/Battles/Units
battles and engagements to achieve military objectives.

45
Q

List and describe the four command authorities

A

Command Authority- Unique to COCOM
-COCOM is the nontransferable command authority established by Title 10 exercised only by commanders designated by SECDEF or Pres over assigned forces.
-Organize and employ forces, assign taks, objectives and give authoritative direction over military ops.

OPCON - when delegated
-Command authority at or below CCMD.
-Authoritative direction over military operations.
-Organize employ CMD and forces, assign command functions to subordinates
Establish plans and requirements for ISAR
Suspend subordinates from duty

TACON - when delegated
- Local detailed direction and control of movements to accomplish mission.

Support - when assigned
-Aid, assist, protect, sustain another organization.

46
Q

List and describe the four support relationships
What do they have in common?

A

General Support - Given to the force as a whole rather then a subdivision.

Mutual Support - Units render support to each other against the enemy because of their assigned task.

Direct Support - Mission requiring a force to support another specific force.

Close Support - The action of supporting force that is close to the supported force and require detailed integration or coordination.

Must have a common superior

47
Q

Explain the structure of the Joint Task Force organization

A

Joint force is about COCOM, OPCON and TACON.
NOT about ADCON.

JTF Commander (Has OPCON over)
Joint Task Forces (Area or Functional, USFJ/USFK)
Functional Areas (JFMCC/JFACC)
Service Components (PACFLT/MARFORPAC)
Attachments (Special Recon Squa)

48
Q

Describe the authorities of administrative control (ADCON), coordinating authority, and direct liaison authorized (DIRLAUTH)

A

Coordinating Authority - (Consultation relationship) Delegated authority to CDR for coordinating specific function and activities involving forces of 2+ military departments, joint force components or forces of same service.

ADCON - Always under ADCON. Man equip train. organizational control over resources.

Direct Liaison Authorized (DIRLAUTH) – authority granted by a CDR (at any level) to a subordinate to directly consult or coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command

49
Q

Describe how command authority is transferred via the global force management process

A

Global Force Management - Process that allows for management of forces among CCDRs. 4 star level decision making. Changing CHOP date.

Must be under OPCON of CCDR in theater to conduct missions and requires CHOP.
Must be assigned to a CCDR or allocated to a CCDR by SECDEF in GFMAP

50
Q

Explain the different command authorities associated with assigned, allocated, attached, and apportioned forces

A

Not Assinged - Service retained*If not assigned, then forces are service retained.

Assigned - CCDR exercising COCOM over forces identified. Can assign or reassign subordinate commanders.

Allocated - Temporaily distributed forces and resources for specific mission. Support world wide operations by filling request for forces as published in the GFMAP.

Attached - Forces placed under temporary command authority (OPCON/TACON) of another CCDR

Apportioned - Identified forces available for execution of plans in suport of contingency plans. Estimates availability of forces for planning.

51
Q

Identify the eleven combatant commands

A

Commander in Chief -> SECDEF->

SOUTHCOM
NORTHCOM
EUCOM
CENTCOM
AFRICOM
INDOPACOM
SPACECOM

FUNC:
SOCOM
TRANSCOM
STRATCOM
CYBERCOM

52
Q

Condition 1A

A

CONDITION REQUIRED TO CONDUCT WET WELL OPS.

53
Q

Red well

A

When conditions are not safe for launch/recovery. Craft prohibited from entering the well.

54
Q

Green well

A

Craft authorized to enter exit craft.

55
Q

Sill
Dept at the sill

A

Extreme aft portion of the well deck
Dept measures where stern gate meets ship

56
Q

Craft alive

A

Movement of craft when min depth to float is reached.
Sliding of craft when not secured in a dry well.

57
Q

Craft grounded

A

When craft rests on the well deck

58
Q

Water barrier

A

LSd41 have traverse watertight gates that limit well flooding

59
Q

Wedge
Steep/shallow wedge

A

Physical shape of the water in the well

Steep: dry forward and 4-8 ft water at sill

Shallow: Small difference in depth at the sill.

60
Q

Stern gate positions

A

45 above horizontal/White band
90 // and level with welldeck/White + black band
10 below horizontal/White + yellow band
Stops - fully opened and resting on its braces/White +2 black band

61
Q

Identify the differences between the ARG-MEU command arrangements of aggregated, split, disaggregated, and distributed

A

Aggregated - under a single GCC and can do all 10 METS, retains unity of command optimal operational, sustainment, training cap, cannot respond to multiple missions across GCC.

(Agg)Split - under a single GCC but beyond operational reach of organic AC, unity of command retained at all levels, needs aggregation to accomplish METS Cannot complete all METS.

Disaggregated - Operating under more than one GCC, distict OPCON/TACON chains within GCC. METS depends on embarked capability, cannot complete all METS. UCP restricts trans regional engagement.

Distributed - supporting multiple GCCs, Cannot complete METS, force is split. METS depend on embarked capability. UCP does not restrict trans regional engagement(cross UCP boundary movement). Priority of mission there will be friction

62
Q

GFMIG
GFMAP

A

GFMIG - Global Force Management Implementation Guide
-Annual document

Global Force Management Allocation Plan.
-Spreadsheet listing every single unit and the document that transfers OPCON between CDRs.

63
Q

When forces are not on deployment they are?

A

Assigned to a CCDR (PACFLT)

If not assigned, then they are service retained (USFF)

64
Q

What are ventilation safety considerations?

A

Verify ventalation work 30 prior to ops, during and 30 min after securing.

65
Q

Other safety considerations

A

All vehicles must be griped
No moving ships when craft alive
Linehandlers tend lines min 18 inches away from cleats

66
Q

LCAC Instructions

A

SEAOPS
Wel well manual

67
Q

When does LCAC crew day start end?

A

Start when ME come OL, end with last ME end.
Followed by 12 hour non-operational
Typically 8-12 hours by day, 6-8 hours by night. Seastate dependent.

68
Q

What is LCU crew day hours?

A

14 hours limit.
Sea state >5, night or low vis - 8 hours or less.

69
Q

Are simultaneous ops allowed, air and well deck ops?

A

Yes. Allowed. But AC are not allowed to approach stern of ship during wet well ops unless coordinated movement.

70
Q

What is shoring?

A

Used when transocanic transit
if more then 96 hours exsist between evolutions
great wave highets expected
I type shoring

71
Q

What is the revision process like?

PD
PRA
CRA

A
  1. Requires coordination between Navy Warfare Development Command and MC Combat Development Command
    PD - Outlines information for doctrine development and review.

PRA - Primary Review Authority
-Organization assigned to develop and maintain pub.

CRA - Coordinating Review Authority
-Coordinates with SME to update and maintain

PRA may decide to retain, update change or develop new PUB or Cancel

Unit 1 (2 decks)

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