Unit 1: Sets, Venn Diagrams and Probability - Grade 9 Flashcards
“listed by roster”
When all the elements are shown
“listed by rule”
Ex: A = {x|1 < x < 5, x E Z}
| represents
represents
“such that”
Subset of a set
Set P is a subset of set Q if every element of P is also an element of Q we write P is < or equal to Q
Empty (null) set
0 (with a line through) = { }
“Universal set”
U = {all elements under consideration}
With a line through
= - is not equal to
E - is not an element of
< - is not an element of
Union of sets
AUB = {elements in A or B}
Intersection of sets
A^B = {elements in A and B}
N
Natural Numbers - {0, 1, 2, 3, 4}
Z
Integers - {,… , -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3}
- Z+ are only positive numbers
Q
Rational numbers - {x | x = a/b, a}
- Q+ are only positive rational numbers
- set builder notation (rule)
*the way it is written
R
Real numbers
Coordinality of a set
The number of elements in the set
- ex: A = {1, 4, 7} —> 4
Complement of a set
The complement of set A is denoted by A’ (is prime) and described in set notation as A = {x|x E U, x…}
- Complement is the part the set does not have.
- A’ is the complement of A
AUA’
A is the union of A prime
A^A’
Intersection would fail because A has no elements of A’
Disjoint sets
Circles are not attached
- are mutually exclusive events
Intersected sets
Circles are intersected
De Morgans Law
(AUB)’ = A’^B’
A’UB’ = (A^B)’
Universal set in probability
Called the SAMPLE SPACE (S)
Definition of probability
P(A) = n(A)/n(S)
Tree Diagram
