Unit 1 Section 2 Flashcards
Define prejudice
Making a set of pre judged opinions or characteristics of a certain group of people.
Structure of 15 marks
Introduction
Paragraph 1- For (case studies)
Paragraph 2 - Against (case studies)
Conclusion - overall balanced opionion to the question!
Discrimination
Acting on prejudiced beliefs.
TYPES OF DISCRIMINATION
- Direct: obvious and deliberate
- Indirect: not directly intended but actions lead some people not being able to take part in everyday life
- Positive: actions intended to improve a persons situation and directly counter the discrimination they face
- Negative: act on prejudice and treat a person unfairly.
Sexism
Discriminating against someone due to their sex/gender
Racism
Discriminating against someone due to their religion/race
Homophobia
Discriminating against someone who is homosexual
Islamophobia
Discriminating against someone who believes in Islam
Anti-semitism
Discriminating against someone who is Jewish
Genocide
The killing/eliminating of a certain set of people e.g. Holocaust/Rwanda
Gender
Whether you identify yourself as male/female
Meritocracy
When everyone in society has a fair have to achieve their goals and so differences in status/employment/income etc. are earned
Life chances
Opportunities available to a different citizen and group of citizens
Relative poverty
Not having enough to flourish in society
Absolute poverty
When someone does not have enough to afford the basic necessities needed for human survival
Underclass
A group or society who, over generations, are excluded from normal society.
Cycle of poverty
The idea that if you are born into poverty you remain in poverty. It is like a vicious cycle!
Equality
Equal rights for all citizens
Equality act 2010
-brings together all previous anti- discrimination legislation
Human rights act 1998
-person can go to the European courts if state does violates the persons right
Rights
Absolute right
- Cannot be breached
Limited rights
- Can be taken away in specific defined circumstances
Qualified right
- can be taken away in a broader range of circumstances as long as it is justified and proportionate.
DATA PROTECTION ACT (1998)
Law designed to protect personal data
Contains 8 principles one of which is that data must be kept secure
It gives us the right to change incorrect data
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (2000)
Law designed to allow individuals to request access to any information held by “public authorities” whether it be about them or not!
Requests can be declined if the request is unnecessary- or it is too expensive ( administrative reasons)
Civil law
When there is dispute between two people or companies usually civil cases that are brought when someone feels damage has been done to them- remedy is usually compensation
Civil courts
- County court
- High court
- Court of appeal
- Supreme Court
Criminal law
When someone breaks a law. Crimes against society as a whole e.g. Theft/murder/vandalism
Remedy is usually a criminal punishment
Criminal courts
- Magistrates court
- Crown court
- Court of appeal
- Supreme Court
Aims of sentencing
Criminal justice act (2003)
- Punishment: punishment after crime
- Deterrence: put them off a crime
- Rehabilitate: looks at the offender and their behaviour.
- Public protection: offender is away from the public
- Reparation: doing something to makeup for the offence
Aggravating factors
???
Mitigating factors
???
