Unit 1: Section 1 - Cell Structure Flashcards
Are prokaryotic cells simple or complex? Are eukaryotic cells simple or complex?</p>
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<p>Simple (e.g. bacteria) complex (e.g. plants and animals)</p>
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<p><p>What is plasmodesmata?</p></p>
<p><p>'channels' for exchanging substances with adjacent cells</p></p>
<p><p>Brief explanation of... cell surface membrane</p></p>
<p><p>A membrane made up of mainly proteins and lipids. It regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Also has receptor molecules to respond to chemicals like hormones.</p></p>
<p><p>...Cell wall</p></p>
<p><p>Rigid structure that surrounds plant cells. Made of mainly cellulose. Provides support to plant cells.</p></p>
<p><p>...Nucleus</p></p>
<p><p>Large organelle surrounded by nuclear envelope, which contains pores. Contains chromatin and nucleolus. Chromatin controls the cells activities. The nucleolus makes ribosomes</p></p>
<p><p>...Lysosome</p></p>
<p><p>A round organelle surrounded by a membrane with no clear internal structure. Contains digestive enzymes, used to digest invading cells or to break down worn out components of the cells.</p></p>
<p><p>...Ribosome</p></p>
<p><p>Small organelle, either floats free in cytoplasm or attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum. Site where proteins are made</p></p>
<p><p>...Rough endoplasmic reticulum</p></p>
<p><p>System of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes. Folds and processes proteins that have been made at the ribosomes.</p></p>
<p><p>...Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p></p>
<p><p>Similar to RER but no ribosomes. Synthesises and processes lipids.</p></p>
<p><p>...Vesicle</p></p>
<p><p>Small fluid filled sac in cytoplasm. Transports substances in and out of the cell and between organelles. Made at golgi apparatus or endoplasmic reticulum, or at cell surface.</p></p>
<p><p>...Golgi apparatus</p></p>
<p><p>Group of fluid-filled flattened sacs. Processes and packages new lipids and proteins. Also makes lysosomes.</p></p>
<p><p>...Mitochondria</p></p>
<p><p>Have a double membrane. Inner one folded to make structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix which contains enzymes involved in respiration.</p></p>
<p><p>...Chloroplast</p></p>
<p><p>Where photosynthesis takes place.</p></p>
<p><p>...Centriole</p></p>
<p><p>Small hollow cylinders containing ring of microtubules. Involved with separation of chromosomes during cell division.</p></p>
<p><p>...Cilia</p></p>
<p><p>Small, hair like substances found of surface membrane of some animal cells. The microtubules allow the cilia to move. This movement is used to move substances along the cell surface.</p></p>
