Unit 1: Scientific Foundations of Psychology

Question 1

empiricism

Answer 1

the view that knowledge comes from experience so science should rely on observation and experiments

Question 2

structuralism

Answer 2

uses introspection to explore structures of the mind

Question 3

functionalism

Answer 3

focuses on how our mind functions to adapt and survive

Question 4

experimental psychology

Answer 4

psychology using experiments

Question 5

behaviorism

Answer 5

psych should look at observed behaviors not mental / inside processes

Question 6

humanistic psychology

Answer 6

emphasizing the potential of personal growth

Question 7

nature - nurture issue

Answer 7

controversy between whether genetics (nature) determines a persons characteristics or lived experiences and surroundings (nurture)

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

the key traits to survive for individuals get passed on

Question 9

level of analysis

Answer 9

the differing views. ranging from biological to psychological to socio-cultural for analyzing an event

Question 10

biopsychosocial approach

Answer 10

a mix of biological, psychological, socio-cultural for analyzing

Question 11

biological approach

Answer 11

studies the links between the biology of the brain (neuroscience and behavior genetics) to understand psychology

Question 12

evolutionary psychology

Answer 12

using the principles of natural selection to study the roots of psychology

Question 13

psychodynamic psychology

Answer 13

studies the unconscious and how it influences behavior, uses that information to treat psychological disorders

Question 14

behavioral psychology

Answer 14

studying observable behavior

Question 15

cognitive psychology

Answer 15

the study of thoughts, thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 16

socio-cultural psychology

Answer 16

studying how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 17

psychometrics

Answer 17

the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 18

basic research

Answer 18

pure science to increase the scientific knowledge base

Question 19

developmental psychology

Answer 19

the study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 20

educational psychology

Answer 20

how psychology can affect and enhance teaching and learning

Question 21

personality psychology

Answer 21

an individuals pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 22

social psychology

Answer 22

study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 23

applied research

Answer 23

scientific research aimed to solve practical problems

Question 24

industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 24

applying psychological concepts and methods to optimize human behavior in workplaces

Question 25

human factors psychology

Answer 25

how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments

Question 26

counseling psychology

Answer 26

assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

Question 27

clinical psychology

Answer 27

studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 28

psychiatry

Answer 28

branch of medicine dealing with psych disorders and medicine treatment and psych therapy

Question 29

SQ3R method

Answer 29

method that includes survey, questions, read, recite, and review reading passage

Question 30

testing effect

Answer 30

having greater memory after doing a practice test and retrieving information than just simply reading it

Question 31

community psychology

Answer 31

branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 32

positive psychology

Answer 32

the study to optimize human functioning and to promote strengths to allow people to thrive

Question 33

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 33

a mixed study of the brain including perception, thinking, memory, and language

Question 34

hindsight bias

Answer 34

the tendency to believe, after learning at outcome, that would would have foreseen it

Question 35

double blind procedure

Answer 35

when during an experiment, the participants and research staff don’t know whether the participants have received the treatment or placebo

Question 36

independent variable

Answer 36

the factor that is being manipulated (the effect is being studied)

Question 37

dependent variables

Answer 37

the outcome (the variable that may change in response to manipulating the independent variable)

Question 38

mode

Answer 38

the most frequently occurring score or scores in a distribution

Question 39

mean

Answer 39

the average number

Question 40

median

Answer 40

median score

Question 41

standard deviations

Answer 41

computed measure of how scores vary around the mean

Question 42

random assignment

Answer 42

randomly assigning participants to experimental and control conditions to make the experiment reliable