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AP Psychology > Unit 1: Roots and Branches- The History and Approaches of Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 1: Roots and Branches- The History and Approaches of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

What is psychology?

A

The study of the mind and behavior

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2
Q

What is the biopsychosocial approach?

A

An approach in psychology that combines nature and nurture.

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3
Q

Dualism

A

The belief that the mind and body function as two separate entities, and the mind will continue to live after the body has died.

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4
Q

Rationalism

A

Belief that all ideas are innate (with us from the moment we’re born) and we need to use our powers of reason and logic to develop thoughts.

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5
Q

Monism

A

The belief that the mind and body are one entity

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6
Q

Empiricism

A

Belief that ideas can only be developed through experience

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7
Q

Thesis

A

Someone’s statement of an opinion

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8
Q

Antithesis

A

An alternative belief or opinion of different perspective

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9
Q

Synthesis

A

Selective combining of opinions to resolve differing opinions

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10
Q

Atheoretical

A

Without theory

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11
Q

What do we use today that came from Socrates?

A

The Socratic Method

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12
Q

Introspection

A

self-analysis

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13
Q

Law of Effect

A

Idea that rewarded behaviors will occur more frequently and punished behaviors will occur less frequently

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14
Q

Behaviorism

A

Strong emphasis on the concrete, observable aspects of human beings

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15
Q

Psychoanalytic Perspective

A

Focuses on the importance of the unconscious mind

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16
Q

Humanism

A

Focuses on free will, self-esteem, and overall human potential

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17
Q

Cognitivism

A

Focuses on an individual’s thoughts

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18
Q

Biological Approach

A

Examines thoughts, feelings, and behaviors from a biological and physical point of view

19
Q

Physiological Approach

A

Focuses on biological make up, and the events that occur in our bodies that cause our behavior.

20
Q

Sociocultural Perspective

A

Focuses on the social environment surrounding the individual

21
Q

Evolutionary Perspective

A

Looks at how humans adapt and change with society, and how it influences their psyche

22
Q

Psychometrics

A

Study and measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

23
Q

Applied Research

A

Methodology used to solve a specific issue affecting an individual or group.

24
Q

What did Wilhelm Wundt help to establish?

A

The structuralist school of thought

25
Q

Functionalism

A

Belief that humans are actively engaged in sensations and thoughts- NOT passively.

26
Q

Who helped to establish functionalism?

A

William James

27
Q

Associationism

A

Examines how ideas can become linked in our head to result in learning

28
Q

Who was one of the earliest associationists?

A

Herrmann Ebbinghaus

29
Q

What was Edward Lee Thorndike best known for?

A

The law of effect

30
Q

Eclectic approach

A

Having more than one perspective that you believe in

31
Q

What did Ivan Pavlov do?

A

Conditioned dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell

32
Q

Who is the founder of classical conditioning?

A

Ivan Pavlov

33
Q

What is John B. Watson known for?

A

Notorious for Little Albert experiment, where he conditioned a child to fear a rat.

34
Q

BF Skinner is the founder of…

A

operant conditioning

35
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

A system of conditioning that uses punishers and reinforcers to change behavior

36
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Focused on unconscious conflicts in the mind, repressed urges, symbolism in dreams, and childhood experiences.

37
Q

Idea of determinism

A

All thoughts, actions, and emotions are predetermined by the unconscious and not due to choice

38
Q

Abraham Maslow

A

Notable humanist and creator of the idea of self-actualization as well as the hierarchy of needs

39
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Notable humanist and creator of the idea of unconditional positive regard

40
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

Emphasized the importance of having a source of unconditional support in your life to help you prosper

41
Q

Cognition

A

Refers to thoughts and thought processes, how you think, process, and store information

42
Q

Who is considered the father of cognitive psychology?

A

Ulric Neisser

43
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

the biological or physiological approach that focuses on brain chemistry, structure, function, and anomalies

AP Psychology (1 decks)

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