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PNS > Unit 1 - Review > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Review Flashcards

1
Q

The Central Nervous System includes:

A

1) Brain

2) Spinal Cord

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2
Q

The Peripheral Nervous System includes:

A

1) Cranial Nerves (12 pairs to brain, Nucleus of origin, Nuclei of termination, exit skull via patent opening)
2) Spinal Nerves (31 pairs - mixed, via spinal cord by VENTRAL (ant.) and DORSAL (post.) rootlets - w/ dorsal [spinal] root ganglion )
* Each spinal nerve splits into a dorsal and ventral primary ramus

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3
Q

Subdivisions of PNS: (functional divisions)

A

1) Somatic

2) Visceral

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4
Q

Somatic Nervous System parts:

A

1) Sensory (afferent)

2) Motor (Efferent)

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5
Q

Visceral Nervous System parts:

A

AUTONOMIC - vital body fxns
A) Sympathetic
B) Parasympathetic
C) Visceral Afferents

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6
Q

Sympathetic NS

A
  • Heart, lungs, abdominopelvic organs, blood vessels, arrest or pili
  • Efferent neurons: ________________, __________________
  • Symp. Trunk
  • Splanchnic nerves
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7
Q

Parasympathetic NS

A
  • Same organs as SNS, fewer blood vessels
  • Two efferent neurons: ______________, ______________
  • Splanchnic nerves (pelvis)
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8
Q

Cranial Nerves:

I-XII

A 
I - Olfactory
II - Optic
III - Oculomotor
IV - Trochlear
V - Trigeminal
VI - Abducent
VII - Facial
VIII - Vestibulocochlear
IX - Glossopharyngeal
X - Vagus
XI - (Spinal) Accessory
XII - Hypoglossal
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9
Q

I - Olfactory

A
  • Special Sense

* Pathway: Olfactory Mucosa Fibers > Cribriform Plate > (synapse) Olfactory Bulb

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10
Q

II - Optic

A
  • Special Sense

* Pathway: Retina Fibers > Optic Disc > Optic Nerve > Chiasma > (tract) Lateral Geniculate Bodies

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11
Q

III - Oculomotor

A
  • Motor; somatic + parasympathetic

* Supplies: 5 somatic muscles, 2 visceral (smooth) muscles

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12
Q

IV - Trochlear

A
  • Somatic Motor
  • Supplies: SUPERIOR OBLIQUE
    • Action: intorsion - ABduct and depress cornea
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13
Q

V - Trigeminal

A
  • MIXED nerve (somatic motor + somatic sensory)
  • “Great sensory N. of the Face”
    • Innervates: orbit, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral cavity, ear and internal skull
    • Motor supply: mastication
  • LARGEST CRANIAL NERVE
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14
Q

IV - Abducent

A
  • Somatic Motor
    • Supplies: Lateral Rectus
    • Action: ABduct cornea
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15
Q

VII - Facial

A
  • MIXED; motor; Somatic + Parasympathetic: sensory; somatic and special sense
  • “Nerve of FACIAL EXPRESSION”
    • Taste: Ant. 2/3 tongue
    • Innervates: Stylohyoid, stapedius, muscles of facial expression; Lacrimal gland, Salivary Gland
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16
Q

VIII - Vestibulocolchlear

A
  • Special Sense

* Sensory: cochlea, vestibule

17
Q

IX - Glossopharyngeal

A
  • MIXED; Motor; Brachiomotor and Parasympathetic: sensory; somatic, special, visceral
    • Taste: Posterior 1/3 tongue
    • Motor: stylopharyngeus
    • Parasympathetic: parotid gland
18
Q

X - Vagus

A
  • MIXED; Motor; Brachiomotor and Parasympathetic: sensory; somatic, special, visceral
  • LONGEST CRANIAL NERVE
    * Motor: pharyngeal constrictors
    * Parasympathetic: bronchi, heart, GI tract (esophagus > distal 1/3 transverse colon)
19
Q

XI - (spinal) Accessory

A
  • Motor
  • Cranial and Spinal part
    * Innervate: pharynx, larynx, palate (cranial); trapezius, sternocleidomastoid (spinal)
20
Q

XII - Hypoglossal

A
  • Motor

* Innervate: Intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of tongue

21
Q

Skull openings for Cranial Nerves I-XII

A

I - Olfactory - Cribriform plate, ethmoid
II - Optic - Optic Canal
III - Oculomotor - Superior Orbital Fissure
IV - Trochlear - Superior Orbital Fissure
V1 - Vagus - Superior Orbital Fissure
V2 - Vagus - Foramen Rotundum
V3 - Vagus - Foramen Ovale
VI - Abducent - Superior Orbital Fissure
VII - Facial - Internal Acoustic Meatus
VIII - Vestibulocochlear - Internal Acoustic Meatus
IX - Glossopharyngeal - Jugular Foramen
X - Vagus - Jugular Foramen
XI - Spinal Accessory - Jugular Foramen
XII - Hypoglossal - Hypoglossal Canal

22
Q

Somatic: Upper Motor Neurons

A

A) cell body
B) Pathway: [descend] corona radiata > internal capsule > crus cerebri > [cross] pyramids > [descend] lateral corticospinal TRACT > [synapse] anterior horn (primary Rexed Lamina VII)
C) _____________________________

23
Q

Somatic: Lower Motor Neurons

A

A) Cell body

B) Pathway: [exit] cord via ant/vent rootlets > [supply] somatic (skeletal) muscles

24
Q

Somatic Sensory Pathway Types

A

Primary (First order), Secondary (second order), and Tertiary (third order)

25
Q

Somatic Primary Sensory Neuron

A

1st Order

  • Cell bodies in Dorsal root (spinal) ganglion
  • Receptor > CNS (synapse in Spinal cord)
    • Posterior columns > M.O
26
Q

Somatic Secondary Sensory Neuron

A

2nd Order

* decussate + relay to THALAMUS

27
Q

Somatic Tertiary Sensory Neuron

A

3rd Order

  • Relay to cerebral cortex (post-central gyrus)
  • Sensory info INTEGRATED

PNS (2 decks)

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