Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry 1120 > Unit 1: Review > Flashcards

Unit 1: Review Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

Define a “Hypothesis”

A

A hypothesis is a tentative explanation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Define a “Law”

A

A law summarizes related observations, but does not explain them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 steps of scientific method?

A

Observation ➡️ Hypothesis ➡️ Test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define a “Theory”

A

Explains parts of the universe, makes predictions about how it will react under given circumstances, hypothesis that have held up under rigorous testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What must a theory be?

A

A theory must be falsifiable; it must be possible to prove it wrong

(ie: good “energies” emitted make people feel nice: there is no way to potentially disprove this because “energies” is not a measurable quantity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

1000 trials proving a theory true
And 1 trial proving the theory false

Is the theory proven or disproved?

A

Disproved, a single trail proving the theory false, makes the theory disproved.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What 3 things make a theory more or less credible?

A

Whether it makes small or risky predictions, whether few or many trials to disprove it have been conducted, and whether they are locally or more widely applicable, all respectively

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define Matter

A

Matter is anything with mass and volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define Composition

A

Composition describes what the matter is made up of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define a “Substance”

A

Matter with a defined composition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define a “Mixture”

A

A substance who’s composition can be physically separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define a “Pure Substance”

A

A substance who’s composition can’t be separated by physical means

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define Homogenous

A

A mixture that is the same throughout

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define Heterogenous

A

A mixture that is not the same through out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define a “Compound”

A

A pure substance who’s components can be chemically separated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define an “Element”

A

A pure substance who’s components can’t be chemically seperated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the 4 main points of Dalton’s Atomic Theory?

A
  1. All matter is made out of atoms that are indestructible, hard, indivisible spheres
  2. All atoms of a given mass are identical in mass and property
  3. Compounds are formed by two or more different kinds of atoms
  4. Chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define “Chemistry”

A

The study of properties and transformations of matter, and the interaction of matter and energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define “Science”

A

Science is the systematic organization of knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define a “Property”

A

Something about a substance that can be felt with the 5 senses or measured with an instrument

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define a “Physical property”

A

A property that can be perceived by our 5 senses or by an extension of our senses (instruments) without any chemical manipulation of the substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define a “Chemical property”

A

Something which can be perceived by our 5 senses or an extension of them (instruments) only after chemical manipulation

22
Q

Give an example of a physical property

A

Density etc.

23
Q

Give an example of a chemical property

A

Toxicity or acidity etc.

24
Q

What do physical and chemical properties, together, help us do?

A

Identify a substance!

25
Q

What is Energy?

A

Energy is the ability to do work

26
Q

What is potential energy?

A

Potential energy is the ability to do work that comes from position (i.e an item picked up off the ground has potential energy)

27
Q

What is kinetic energy?

A

The ability to do work that comes from motion (i.e atoms that constantly bump into each other have kinetic energy)

28
Q

Define “Heat”

A

The transfer of kinetic energy from a hotter body, to a cooler body (FYI Heat NEVER transfers from a colder body to a hotter body)

29
Q

Define “Temperature”

A

A measure of heat (describes how hot something is relative to a predetermined scale)

30
Q

How many Kelvins (K) make 1 Degree Celsius (⁰C)?

A

273.15 K = 1⁰C

31
Q

Solid ➡️ Liquid ?

A

Melting (fusion)

32
Q

Liquid ➡️ Gas ?

A

Evaporation (boiling/vaporization)

33
Q

Gas ➡️ Liquid

A

Condensation

34
Q

Liquid ➡️ Solid

A

Freezing

35
Q

Gas ➡️ Solid

A

Sublimation

36
Q

What is the SI Units for mass? Is it a base unit?

A

kg, yes it’s a base unit

37
Q

What is the SI unit for temperature? Is it a base unit?

A

K (Kelvin), yes it’s a base unit

38
Q

What is the SI unit for density? Is it a base unit?

A

kg/m^-3, no, it’s a derived unit

39
Q

Define a “Transformation”

A

A transformation is the change of one substance into another

40
Q

Define a “Physical transformation”

A

A physical transformation is change that does not change the chemical identity of the substance. It’s always reversible

41
Q

Define a “Chemical transformation”

A

A chemical transformation changes the chemical identity of the substance; a new substance is produced. It’s sometimes reversible but usually non-reversible

42
Q

Define “Measurement”

A

Measurement is using a instrument to quantify a property is a substance relative to an internationally agreed on standard

43
Q

What do protons and neutrons both approximately weigh? What does an electron approximately weigh?

A

Protons and neutrons both approximately weigh 1 amu. (1.007,1.009) Electrons approximately weigh 0 amu (0.005)

44
Q

what does 2 atoms are bonded mean?

A

It means that there’s a chemical bond between them, an attractive force between the two adjacent atoms

45
Q

Which has greater electronegativity, ionically bonded atoms (salts), or covalently bonded atoms (molecules)?

A

The salts have greater electronegativity than the molecules

46
Q

Describe molecules

A

Molecules are a small bunch, they have fixed mass and size

47
Q

Describe salts

A

Salts are lattices of alternating cation and anions they do not have a fixed mass or size

48
Q

What is the smallest part of the lattice of salt called?

A

The unit cell

49
Q

What is the relationship of mass with protons and nutrons

A

Mass # = Protons + Nutrons

50
Q

Define “amu”

A

1/12th the mass of 1 C-12 atom exactly

51
Q

Define “mol”

A

The chemists dozen, exactly 6.022x10^23

52
Q

What are the general solubility rules?

A

All salts of the group 1 cations are soluble
All ammonium salts are soluble
All nitrates, perchlorates and acetates are soluble
All halides are soluble except when with Ag+,Hg22+ and Pb2+

Chemistry 1120 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions