Unit 1 Review Flashcards
Lesson 1
What is a computer?
A machine that works with information.
Input vs. Output
The information (hardware or software) that controls the passing of information into/out of a computer.
Storage vs. Processing
Processing–Temporarily collects and translates data input into information.
Storage–Places the translated data in a stored location (long term).
Lesson 2
Hardware vs. Software
Hardware– Physical parts required for your computer to run; makes your computer powerful.
Software–Set of instructions that allows hardware to perform different tasks; can be altered; allows the computer to be flexible.
CPU & GPU
CPU–Central Processing Unit: Brain; executes all computer commands; if dead nothing will work.
GPU–Graphics Processing Unit: Eyes & Muscle; handles visual data (displays what you see) and most heavy tasks.
Both measured in hertz.
Hard Drive
Long term memory; Stores all software.
Measured in bytes.
RAM
Random Access Memory; short term memory; temporary space for the CPU to work.
Measured in bytes.
Motherboard
Nervous system; the main circuit of the computer; all parts connect to it, allowing communication between other parts of the computer.
Lessons 3-4
Bit vs. Byte
Bit– The smallest unit of data measurement; either 0 or 1; used in binary coding.
Byte– 8 bits.
Binary→Decimal
Decimal→Binary
B ro D– Using the squares of 2 from right to left beginning with 2^0, add all the squares of 2 together that have a binary 1 in their place.
D to B–Find the largest square of 2 that can go into that number, and set it to 1* that number, then keep subtracting squares of 2 untill you get to 0.
Lesson 5
Overflow vs. Rounding Errors
Overflow Error– From an attempt to represent a number that is too large.
Round-off Error– From attempt to represent a number that is too precise.
Lesson 6
ASCII table
A standardized language key that all computers use.
Abstraction
The process of taking out unnecessary details.
Lessons 7-8
Pixel
Pixel– Picture Element; the basic unit of programmed color on a computer display/image.
Sampling Frequency
Sampling Frequency–The speed of sampling, expressed in hertz, or Hz.
Ex: Faster the rate of samplig = smoother image.
Slower sampling = choppy image.
Analog vs. Digital Image
RLE
A lossless compression method that converts a run of identical characters into a code.
Lessons 9-10
Lossless vs. Lossy Compression
Lossless– A reversible process of reducing the number of bits needed to represent something without losing any information.
Lossy– A faster process for reducing the number of bits needed to represent something, but at the cost of permanently lost information/detail that is thrown away in the process; irreversible.
Lesson 11
Intellectual Property
Creating an idea; invention; literary and artistic works; designs and software.
Copywright
An intellectual property that protects original works of authorship as soon as an author claims so.
Creative Commons
A non-profit organisation that provides free licences for artists/creators to use when making their work available to the public.
