Unit 1 Review Flashcards
Lesson 1
What is a computer?
A machine that works with information.
Input vs. Output
The information (hardware or software) that controls the passing of information into/out of a computer.
Storage vs. Processing
Processing–Temporarily collects and translates data input into information.
Storage–Places the translated data in a stored location (long term).
Lesson 2
Hardware vs. Software
Hardware– Physical parts required for your computer to run; makes your computer powerful.
Software–Set of instructions that allows hardware to perform different tasks; can be altered; allows the computer to be flexible.
CPU & GPU
CPU–Central Processing Unit: Brain; executes all computer commands; if dead nothing will work.
GPU–Graphics Processing Unit: Eyes & Muscle; handles visual data (displays what you see) and most heavy tasks.
Both measured in hertz.
Hard Drive
Long term memory; Stores all software.
Measured in bytes.
RAM
Random Access Memory; short term memory; temporary space for the CPU to work.
Measured in bytes.
Motherboard
Nervous system; the main circuit of the computer; all parts connect to it, allowing communication between other parts of the computer.
Lessons 3-4
Bit vs. Byte
Bit– The smallest unit of data measurement; either 0 or 1; used in binary coding.
Byte– 8 bits.
Binary→Decimal
Decimal→Binary
B ro D– Using the squares of 2 from right to left beginning with 2^0, add all the squares of 2 together that have a binary 1 in their place.
D to B–Find the largest square of 2 that can go into that number, and set it to 1* that number, then keep subtracting squares of 2 untill you get to 0.
Lesson 5
Overflow vs. Rounding Errors
Overflow Error– From an attempt to represent a number that is too large.
Round-off Error– From attempt to represent a number that is too precise.
