UNIT 1 Restless Earth content Flashcards
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What are the different layers of the earths structure?
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- Inner core - Solid
- Outer core - Liquid
- Mantle - Viscous
- Crust - Solid
- Lithosphere - Solid
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What is the difference between the atmosphere and the lithosphere?
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The lithosphere is the solid part of the earth consisting of the crust and outer mantle
The atmosphere is not a solid nor an object, and is not a geological part of our Earth. It is the mass of air surrounding the Earth
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How does the core’s internal heat generate the Earths magnetic field?
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Explain how and why the tectonic plates move?
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Tectonic plates move because they are floating on top of the liquid mantle. The mantle itself moves due to convection currents: hot rock rises, gives off some heat, then falls. This creates vast swirls of moving liquid rock under the crust of the earth, which jostles the plates of crust on top.
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Name and locate the major plates
RESTLESS EARTH African Plate Antarctic Plate Eurasian Plate Indo-Australian Plate North American Plate Pacific Plate South American Plate
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How do continental and oceanic plates differ?
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Oceanic plates are thinner but more dense than the continental crust. The ocean tend to eventually be subducted underneath continental plate, which causes either volcanism or continental uplift. The oceanic crust is subducted underneath the continental crust because the oceanic crust is also heavier than the continental crust, therefore goes under during convergence.
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What happens at a conservative plate boundary?
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The Land is conserved because the plates run along side each other/ slide past each other. ( NO volcano’s, LOTS of earthquakes)
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What happens at a constructive/ divergent plate boundary’s?
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Two plates move apart, as this happens magma then forms into lava. ( forms shallow side volcano’s, small earthquakes)
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What happens at a destructive/ convergent plate boundary’s?
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Formed when a continental plate meets an oceanic plate, the oceanic plate subducts under because it is denser. Very destructive. ( Very explosive volcano’s with steep sides, tsunami’s can also form)
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What happens at a collision plate boundary’s?
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When two plates of similar density move together, this causes the material between them to buckle and rise up forming fold mountain ( extremely rare, forms a mountain range
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What are the different types of volcanoes and there characteristics?
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Shield volcano - Occur at divergent boundary’s with low pressure, lava is fast flowing and hot, gentle slope, low wide base
Composite - Tends to occur at convergent boundary’s with pressure build up forcing magma to surface, with pyroclastic flows, steep slopes
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How does the magnitude and depth of an earthquake affect the impacts?
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Quakes that start at depth usually have a higher total energy release than quakes nearer the surface, the larger the magnitude the larger the earthquake
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describe the effects of tsunamis can have?
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Flooding, buildings/ homes/ cars destroyed, deaths
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How are tsunamis created?
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A tsunami is usually caused by a powerful earthquake under the ocean floor. This earthquake pushes a large volume of water to the surface, creating waves. These waves are the tsunami. In the deep ocean these waves are small.
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What are the management techniques of tectonic plates?
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Concrete lahar channels to divert the mud flows
Evacuation routes planned
Concrete shelters
Hot springs are monitored
Bore holes measure water temperature as magma heats up
