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10 Science > Unit 1 Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Quiz 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Five things that qualify life

A

Have a lifespan, breathe/exchange of gases Need to eat, to get energy, they also excrete Grow, repair themselves
Reproduce, react to environment.

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2
Q

Definition of a cell

A

The smallest and most basic unit of life that displays the five characteristics of living things
Most cells have a
cell membrane, cytoplasm,
nucleus, mitochondria,
and
vacuoles.

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3
Q

What are prokaryote and eukaryote cell

A

Prokaryote: no nucleus nor membrane bound organelle.
Eukaryote does have nucleus and membrane bound organelle.

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4
Q

Three components of cell theory

A

All living things are made up of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of life (cells can perform life activities)
All cells come from pre cells (reproduction)

existing cells

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5
Q

Differences between plant and animal cell

A

Plant: cell wall, chloroplast, bigger vacuole
Animal: centriole

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6
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells cytoplasm

A

Both. The cytoplasm is mostly water, but it also contains many other substances that the cell stores until they are needed. Many chemical reactions take place within the cytoplasm, which can change from jelly-like to liquid, allowing organelles to be moved around.

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7
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells cell membrane

A

Both. The cell is surrounded by a flexible double-layered cell membrane. The function of the cell membrane is both to support the cell and to allow some substances to enter while keeping others out.

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8
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells ribosome

A

Both. protein, present in ER and cytoplasm. Main function is to repair damaged or deactivated chemical process.

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9
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells nucleus

A

Both. The nucleus contains genetic information(DNA) that controls all cell activities. This genetic information is stored on chromosomes. Chromosomes contain DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), the substance that carries the coded instructions for all cell activity.

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10
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells mitochondria

A

Both. Mitochondria are sometimes called the “power plants” of the cell because they make energy available to the cell.

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11
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells endoplasmic reticulum

A

Both. The endoplasmic reticulum is a three-dimensional network of branching tubes and pockets. It extends throughout the cytoplasm and is continuous from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. These fluid-filled tubes transport materials, such as proteins, through the cell.

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12
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells Golgi body

A

Both. Processes extra cellular secretions (mucus, hormones, enzymes)

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13
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells vacuole

A

Both. Small storage sack.

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14
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells central vacoule

A

Plant. Holds water and mineral. Helps cell keep shape.

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15
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells cell wall

A

Plant. Outermost layer. Protects cell and supports it.

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16
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells Chloroplast

A

Plant. Performs photosynthesis. Contains green pigment cholophryll.

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17
Q

Function of and in animal or plant cells centriole

A

Animal. Form spindle fibers during cell division

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18
Q

Where are bodies growth instructions written

A

DNA

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19
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes does DNA organise itself into in humans

A

23

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20
Q

How does DNA send instruction

A

Other organelles in the nucleus can ‘read’ the DNA and ‘send’ instructions for other cells and molecules to be built

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21
Q

Three functions of cell division

A

Growth
Healing and tissue repair Reproduction

22
Q

What do organelles need a constant supply of.

A

Water and nutrients(ions, oxygen, amino acids)

23
Q

What ratio is smaller in smaller cells

A

Surface Area:Volume

24
Q

Why is it beneficial for cells to have a smaller Surface Are:Volume ratio

A

So materials diffuse easier.

25
Q

Do plant and animal cells need the same things? If so what

A

a source of energy, nutrients, water, and gases

26
Q

What do cells excrete

A

Co2 and other waste products.

27
Q

Definition of diffusion

A

Mechanism for chemicals moving in and out of a cell. From areas of high concentration to low concentration.

28
Q

Osmosis definition

A

Movement of a fluid (typically water) across a membrane to an area of high solute concentration.

29
Q

Solute definition

A

the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent.

30
Q

Solvent definition

A

the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.

31
Q

Solute definition

A

Substance that dissolves in a solvent.

32
Q

Why do organisms undergo cell division

A

Cell division allows organisms to repair injuries and replace dead cells.
Smaller organisms can regenerate limbs (newts can regenerate limbs in 10 weeks) Larger organisms can only achieve repairs

33
Q

Describe asexual reproduction

A

• Only one parent
• Offspring are genetically identical to the
parent
• No genetic advantage

34
Q

Describe sexual reproduction

A

Two parents (sperm and egg)
• Offspring inherits genetic traits from both
parents
• Genetic diversity propagates through a
species

35
Q

Three stages of cell cycle

A

Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis

36
Q

What is interphase?

A

Cell performs life activity and dna is copied in prep for divison

37
Q

What is mitosis

A

DNA in nucleus is divided. First stage of cell division

38
Q

What is cytokineses

A

Cytoplasm divides forming two identical cells

39
Q

What might cause a cell to not divide

A

Signals from neighbouring cells telling not to divide
There are not enough nutrients available to provide for more cells The DNA inside the nucleus has not replicated yet
The DNA is damaged

40
Q

What is a tumour

A

A cluster of cells that continue to divide without function to the body

41
Q

What is a benign tumour

A

A tumour that does not affect other tissues besides crowding

42
Q

What is a malignant tumour

A

A tumour that interferes with surrounding cells.

43
Q

What is a carcinogen

A

A substance that increases risk for cancer.

44
Q

What are common causes of carcinogens

A

tobacco smoke;
radiation, such as X
rays, and UV rays from tanning beds and sunlight;
-
some viruses, such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B;
certain chemicals in plastics

45
Q

What are types of cancer screening are there

A

Self examination, especially breasts for females and testes for males Being aware of family history and informing GP
Pap test for cervical cancer, for women over 18
Prostate examination, for men over 40

46
Q

Does cancer screening prevent cancer

A

Screening does not prevent cancer, but it does increase the chance of detecting cancer early enough to successfully treat it.

47
Q

What are superfoods? And some examples

A

Foods that decrease risk of cancer. Carrots tomatoe broccoli..

48
Q

What is an endoscope

A

An endoscope is often used to screen for colon cancer
A camera is on the end to send back images to see if anything is suspicious

49
Q

How can X-rays detect cancer

A

bones, and some organs, like the lungs
rays are used to detect cancers in tissues,
X
-
and are known to be a carcinogen
rays can actually cause damage to DNA
They’re especially damaging to fetus in women who are pregnant.

50
Q

How can mris detect cancer

A

•
•
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses radio waves and a strong electric field to create images of body tissue
MRI can be used to see things that regular
x
•

-
Computers assemble a lot of flat images to
rays can’t
-
3D model

51
Q

What is a biopsy

A

After the cancer is detected or suspected, sample of tumour cells may have to be removed surgically.
A
This technique is known as “taking a biopsy.”
Cancer cells are often irregularly shaped and may be smaller or larger than the surrounding cells.
Experienced medical professionals can identify cancer cells just by looking at them

52
Q

What are the three most prevalent treatments for cancer

A

SURGERY
If the
CHEMOTHERAPY
A drug treatment that kills cells that have short lifecycles (like cancer cells)
RADIATION
A beam of high frequency radiation that damages the DNA of freshly made cancer cells so they can no longer undergo mitosis properly.

10 Science (2 decks)

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