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Nursing 145 Units 1-3 > UNIT 1: QUALITY AND SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE > Flashcards

UNIT 1: QUALITY AND SAFETY IN HEALTHCARE Flashcards

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1
Q

Patient-Centered Care means what 5 things?

A
  1. Delivery of nursing care
  2. Continuum of patient care
  3. Critical thinking/clinical reasoning
  4. Nursing process
  5. Standardized nursing terminologies
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2
Q

Informatics and Technology means what 5 things?

A
  1. Information and technology in practice
  2. HIPAA
  3. Clinical information systems and electronic health record
  4. Nursing informatics
  5. Computer languages
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3
Q

Quality And Safety In Health Care:

What is the one major aspect of safest?

When does the potential for medication errors exist?

U.S estimate of preventable adverse drug effects?

A

One major aspect of safety is medication use

The potential for medication errors exists when the drug is obtained, prescribed, dispensed, administered, and after administration when drug effects should be monitored

Some sources estimate that 1.5 million preventable adverse drugs effects occur in the United States each year

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4
Q

Rapid Response Team:

They intervene for who?

Who can use it?

What do they decrease?

A

Intervenes for people at beginning of clinical decline

Can be used by family

Decreases medical complications and number of arrests

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5
Q

Research & Nursing

How does research impact nursing practice?

A

Expands nursing knowledge

Nursing practice and patient outcomes are enhanced

Evidence Based Practice (EBP) is a technique that emphasizes decision making based on the best available evidence and the use of outcome studies (research) to guide the decision.

EBP is not based on experience or opinion.

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6
Q

Role and Responsibility in Research

What two things about the client should you observe?

What two things does a nurse assist in?

What does a nurse demonstrate?

A

Observing client responses to treatments and techniques.

Assist in identifying problem areas in nursing.
Assist in data collection.

Demonstrate awareness of the value or relevance of research in nursing.

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7
Q

Culture

Culture consist of?

What is culture?

A

Knowledge, values, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs, and habits

Culture is a way of life for a group of people.

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8
Q

Basic Characteristics of Culture

A

Dynamic and ever-changing

Not always shared all members of a culture group?

Adapted to specific conditions such as environmental factors

Learned through oral and written histories, as well as socialization

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9
Q

Culturally Competent Nurse

How does a culturally competent nurse accept each client?

What should you find out in the nursing assessment?

A

The Culturally Competent Nurse accepts each client as a unique individual.

In the nursing assessment find out what the client’s cultural heritage is.

See Table 2-6 p. 30 in Lewis for a Cultural assessment.

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10
Q

Define: Culture competence

A

Ability to understand and work effectively with patients, colleagues, and others whose beliefs, values, and history differ from yours

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11
Q

Cultural sensitivity

How should you avoid labeling a patient?

What information should be gathered?

What kind of relationship should a nurse develop?

Cultural competence involves knowledge about what?

What may be affected by a patient’s attitude?

A

Avoid labeling patients “difficult” or “uncooperative” because you do not understand their behavior

Gather information regarding the cultural background of a patient

Develop a therapeutic relationship

Cultural competence involves knowledge about cultural differences and interpersonal skill in adapting care to these differences

Cultural attitudes may affect patients’ perceptions of personal hygiene and the role of the nurse in physiologic needs

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12
Q

Cultural Factors Affecting Health and Health Care

A

Personal space
Touch
Food and nutrition
Immigrants

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13
Q

General goals for patient teaching include

A

Health promotion
Disease prevention
Illness management
Selection and use of appropriate treatment options

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14
Q

Erickson Stages of development

A

Newborn and infant
Toddler and preschooler
School-age child and adolescent
Adult and older adult

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15
Q

Teaching process in Client education

Full explanations

A

Assessment
◦Identification of learning needs utilizing a focused assessment to identify the presence of concerns that needs to be addressed and to exclude the presence of barriers to learning

Planning
◦Development of learning outcomes and the selection and design of appropriate content to achieve them

Implementation
◦Provision of a teaching plan to the intended audience

Evaluation
◦Collection of data to determine the client’s progress toward achieving learning outcomes.

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16
Q

Factors to assess that may influence learning

List examples

A

Physiological (pain, restlessness, fatigue, acute episode, vision deficit, hearing deficit

Psychological (anxious, fearful, angry)

Cultural/Communication (language differences, opposing beliefs)

Environment (well lit, comfortably temp, no distractions)

Potential socioeconomic impact (support system, financial concerns)

17
Q

Process of Patient Teaching

5 Steps

A
  1. Learning characteristics: learning needs, readiness to learn, motivation, stages of change, positive reinforcement and learning styles.
  2. Diagnosis
  3. Planning: Setting goals & priorities
  4. Select teaching strategies based on 3 factors:
    •Patient characteristics
    •Subject matter
    •Available resources
5. Implementation
•Regulations specify teaching mandates.
•Planned teaching strategies
•Guide patient and caregiver information.
•Teach new skills.
18
Q

Process of Patient Teaching: Implementation

What

A

Provision of a teaching plan for the intended audience

This is the teaching plan that you will be completing during clinical rotations.

19
Q

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)

6 Core Competencies:

A
  1. Patient-Centered Care
  2. Informatics and Technology
  3. Evidence-Based Practice
  4. Quality Improvement
  5. Safety
  6. Teamwork and Collaboration
20
Q

Client Teaching

Outcome Criteria

Information provided

Evaluation

A

Client will describe

Actual words you will use to provide the information

Was the initial individual assessment accurate?
Were the outcome criteria appropriate to the learning goal?

21
Q

How important is it to document learning?

A

Documenting client education is as important as documenting any other aspect of client care

22
Q

Interdependence Mode

Define

Focus on interactions related to what?

What is the basic need for this mode?

A

Defined:
Is a category of behavior related to interdependent relationships.
◦significant others
◦support groups

Focus on interactions related to giving and receiving love, respect, and value.

The basic need of this mode is relational integrity, or the feeling of security in nurturing relationships.

23
Q

What should you ask to determine if someone is in interdependence mode?

A

Significant other (Does the individual have a significant other?)

Support System (Who does the individual rely on for support? Can be staff if in an acute or long term setting)

Independent aspects (In what aspect (s) does the individual feel independent?)

Family structure

Living Children (How many? Include adopted children and step-children)

Deficient (Is there a deficit in this area? If so describe in detail)

Nursing Diagnosis (If there is a deficit in this area, there should be a nursing diagnosis included to address the deficit)

24
Q

Stress

Define

What is considered stressful?

A

The inability to cope with perceived demands or threats to one’s mental, emotional, and spiritual well-being

What is considered stressful varies from person to person and from one situation to another

25
Q

Two types of stressors

A

Emotional/psychological & physiological stressors

26
Q

What factors of a stressor influence a patient’s adaptive response?

A

Type, duration, and intensity of a stressor influence an individual’s adaptive response.

27
Q

____ + ____ = stress

A

Stressor + perception

28
Q

Factors Affecting Response to Stressors & Key Personal Characteristics

A

Internal and external influences

Key personal characteristics
◦Resilience
◦Hardiness
◦Attitude
◦Optimism
29
Q

Key Characteristics Affecting Response To Stress

A

Resilience
◦Resourceful, flexible, and having good problem-solving skills

Hardiness
◦Courage and motivation to turn potential disaster into opportunities for personal growth

Attitude
◦Helps prevent disease and prolong life

Optimism
◦Helps avoid illness and
increases speed of
recovery

30
Q

Effects of Stress on Health

What are the effects?

What changes does acute stress lead to?

What happens when stress is excessive or prolonged.

A

Effects of Stress
◦Cognitive function
◦Poor concentration, impaired decision making, or memory problems
◦Behavior
◦Withdrawing from others, irritability, or substance abuse

Acute stress leads to physiologic changes that are important to one’s adaptive survival.

If stress is excessive or prolonged, physiologic responses can be maladaptive, leading to harm and disease.

31
Q

Stress-induced immunosuppression may exacerbate or increase risk of progression of what immune-based diseases?

A

Multiple sclerosis

Asthma

Rheumatoid arthritis

32
Q

Effect of obesity and depression on stress

A

Obesity and depression are often exacerbated by stress.

33
Q

Chronic stress

What can it change?

What does it lead to?

What does it contribute to?

Effects of early life stressor?

A

Chronic stress can change DNA and accelerate cellular aging.

Leads to chronic illness

Contributes to escalating health care costs

Early life stressors are even more destructive.

34
Q

Effects of long term stress

A

Affects physical status

Increases risk for disease or injury

Compromises recovery and return to normal function

Is associated with specific diseases

35
Q

Disorders with a Stress Component

A

Affects physical status

Increases risk for disease or injury

Compromises recovery and return to normal function

Is associated with specific diseases

36
Q

Emotional Response To Stress

What kind of interaction occurs?

What are coping mechanisms? Give examples?

A

Mind–body interaction

Coping mechanisms- persons cognitive and behavioral effort to manage stress.  Can be positive or negative
Anxiety (most common)
◦Mild
◦Moderate
◦Severe
◦Panic
37
Q

Psychological Responses to Illness

What interaction occurs?

Define coping mechanisms and give examples.

A

Mind–body interaction

Coping mechanisms- persons cognitive and behavioral effort to manage stress.  Can be positive or negative
Anxiety (most common)
◦Mild
◦Moderate
◦Severe
◦Panic

Nursing 145 Units 1-3 (1 decks)

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