Unit 1 - Psychology's History and Approaches

Question 0

Behavioral Psychology

Answer 0

How we learn observable responses.

Question 1

Psychodynamic Psychology

Answer 1

How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts.

Question 2

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 2

How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.

Question 3

Biological Psychology

Answer 3

How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences; how genes combine with environment to influence individual differences.

Question 4

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 4

How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes.

Question 5

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 5

How we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment.

Question 6

Socio-Cultural Psychology

Answer 6

How behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Question 7

Psychometrics

Answer 7

Branch of psychology dedicated to studying the measurement of our abilities, attitudes, and traits.

Question 8

Developmental Psychology

Answer 8

The scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

Question 9

Educational Psychology

Answer 9

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning.

Question 10

Personality Psychology

Answer 10

The study of an individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting.

Question 11

Social Psychology

Answer 11

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another.

Question 12

Applied Research

Answer 12

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.

Question 13

Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology

Answer 13

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Question 14

Basic Research

Answer 14

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.

Question 15

Human Factors Psychology

Answer 15

The study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments.

Question 16

Counseling Psychology

Answer 16

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being.

Question 17

Clinical Psychology

Answer 17

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders.

Question 18

Psychiatry

Answer 18

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy.

Question 19

Levels of Analysis

Answer 19

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.

Question 20

Biopsychosocial Approach

Answer 20

An integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

Question 21

Nature-Nurture Issue

Answer 21

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Today’s science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture.

Question 22

Natural Selection

Answer 22

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.

Question 23

Experimental Psychology

Answer 23

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.

Question 24

Behaviorism

Answer 24

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists agree with (1) but not with (2).

Question 25

Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 25

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language).

Question 26

Psychology

Answer 26

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 27

Structuralism

Answer 27

An early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind.

Question 28

Functionalism

Answer 28

A school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function -how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish.

Question 29

Empiricism

Answer 29

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation.

Question 30

Sigmund Freud

Answer 30

Psychodynamic Psychology

Question 31

John B. Watson

B.F Skinner

Answer 31

Behavioral Psychology