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Psych 121 > Unit 1 Psych > Flashcards

Unit 1 Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Social Psychology def.

A

looks at behavior and mental processes bu also includes the social world

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2
Q

Social Influence def.

A

interactions where people directly or indirectly influence the behavior, feelings, and thoughts of each individual

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3
Q

Conformity

A

changing one’s behavior to more closely match the actions of others

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4
Q

Groupthink

A

occurs when ppl within a group feel it is more important to maintain the group’s cohesiveness rather than considering the facts realistically

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5
Q

Ways to cut down on groupthink

A
  • leaders should remain impartial
  • the entire group should seek the opinions of ppl outside of the group
  • any voting should be done on secret ballots
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6
Q

Consumer Psychology

A

figuring out how to get ppl to buy things that someone else is selling

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7
Q

When does compliance occur?

A

when people change their behavior as a result of another person asking or directing them to change

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8
Q

“Door in the face” Compliance technique:

A

First a large request, which is shut down. Then a smaller request.

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9
Q

“Low Ball” Compliance technique:

A

once the commitment is made, then other unknown requests show up like money or time

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10
Q

“Foot in the door” Compliance technique:

A

ask for something very small, then gradually ask for bigger requests
*MOST COMMON technique

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11
Q

Obedience def.

A

changing one’s behavior at the direct order of an authority figure

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12
Q

Social Cognition:

A

focuses on the way in which ppl think about others and how thoughts influences behavior toward other people

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13
Q

What are the ABC model’s of attitude?

A

Affective
Behavior
Cognitive

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14
Q

What is the Affective Component?

A

the way a person feels toward the object, person, or situation. The word: Affect in psych means “emotions/feelings”

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15
Q

What is the Behavioral Component?

A

actions taken by a person in regards to someone else, another object, or situation

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16
Q

What is the Cognitive Component?

A

thoughts, or cognitions including beliefs and ideas about the focus of the attitude.
Ex: country music lovers will obviously say that country music is the best genre

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17
Q

Attitude Formation:

A

the result of a number of different influences with only one thing in common: all forms of learning

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18
Q

Psych def.

A

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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19
Q

Goals of Psychology:

A

prediction - when will it happen again?
explanation - why is it happening?
control - how can it be changed?
description - what is happening?

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20
Q

Objective introspective:

A

process of objectively examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities

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21
Q

Functionalism:

A

how people work, play, and adapt to their surroundings

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22
Q

What are the 7 Modern Perspectives?

A
  1. Biopsychological
  2. Sociocultural
  3. Humanistic
  4. Evolutionary
  5. Psychodynamic
  6. Cognitive
  7. Behavioral
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23
Q

What is Biopsychological Perspective about?

A

study of the biological basis of behavior and mental processes such as:
-endocrine system, hormones, hereditary, diseases

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24
Q

What is Sociocultural Perspective about?

A

combines social and cultural psychology. how being in ai social environment effects the way people act

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25
What is Humanistic Perspective about?
- Maslow - idea that humans have free will - called the "third force" in psychology
26
What is Evolutionary Perspective about?
- focuses on biological basis for universal mental characteristics that all humans share, - seeks to explain general mental strategies and traits
27
What is Psychodynamic Perspective about?
- Froyd | - focuses on unconscious desire and it's influences
28
What is Cognitive Perspective about?
asks about thoughts, help replace negative cognitions w positive ones, interpretation
29
What is Behavioral Perspective about?
-B.F. Skinner, believes that there is an external reason for everything natural observation, does not matter about repressed emotions
30
Sociocultural Perspective:
- combines social and cultural psychology | - about the effect that people have on one another
31
Biopsychological Perpective:
study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes
32
Evolutionary Perspective:
- focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics that all humans share - seeks to explain general mental strategies and traits
33
Psychologist's job description:
- doesn't require medical training | - doctorate degree
34
Psychiatrist's job description:
- has medical degree | - specializes in diagnosis and treatment
35
Psychiatrist Social Worker's job description:
- has medical degree | - trained in social work
36
Applied Research:
aimed at answering real world, practical problems
37
Scientific Method steps:
1. Perceiving question 2. Forming a hypothesis 3. Testing a hypothesis 4. Drawing Conclusions 5. Reporting your results
38
Naturalistic Observation:
observing the behavior of animals and how they behave in their natural habitats
39
Disadvantage of Naturalistic Observation?
Observer Bias
40
What is observer bias?
happens when a person doing the observing bias has a particular opinion about what he/she is going to see
41
What is a Case Study?
when an individual is studied in great detail
42
What is correlation?
a measure of the relationship between two variables
43
What are two variables going in the same direction?
Positive Correlation
44
What are two variables going in opposite directions?
Negative Correlation
45
What are the two forms of Social Influence?
Conformity - changing behavior to match other ppl | Compliance - changing behavior b/c somebody asks you to
46
Obedience:
- special form of compliance | - you're complying because somebody with authority is asking you to
47
Cognitive dissance:
discomfort when thoughts and actions don't correspond
48
Techniques to lessen cognitive dissance:
- change conflicting behavior (or attitude) | - form new attitude to justify behavior
49
Attribution:
process of explaining other ppl's behavior and your own Disposition (internal) Situation (external)
50
Fundamental Attribution Error:
* most well known attribution error | - tendency of people observing someone's actions to be judgemental instead of understanding external factors
51
Central Route:
attending to the content of the message itself
52
Peripheral Route:
attending to the factors that aren't involved in the message, such as - appearance of source of message - length of message
53
Prejudice:
negative thoughts and feelings about other people in certain groups
54
Discrimination:
actual behavior from prejudice
55
Social Cognitive Theory:
views prejudice as an attitude acquired through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences
56
social identity theory:
formation of a person's identity within a group due to: | -social categories, identity, or comparison
57
Stereotype Vulnerability:
just the awareness of this stereotypical group affects how you act
58
What can determine causation?
ONLY experiments can. Correlation does NOT equal causation.
59
Correlation research design:
study of how two variables are related
60
Interpersonal attraction level:
- usually measured by survey | - the attraction between people which leads to friendships and to platonic or romantic relationships
61
Info Processing Model:
theory that we think like computers do, but there are 3 stages of where your memory goes
62
Parallel Distributed Processing Model:
states that memory doesn't go in your brain in stages, it goes in all at once
63
Levels of Processing Model:
shallow learning | deep learning
64
What is shallow learning?
last minute learning | just barely looking over and learning the vague meaning of it
65
What is deep learning?
studying something very deeply | learning about all aspects of a subject
66
Interference:
something in the way of recalling a memory
67
Proactive Interference:
problems with recalling new info, because old stuff is in the way
68
Retroactive Interference:
problems recalling old info because new info is getting in the way
69
What is an example of Retroactive Interference?
trouble remembering your freshman yr locker combo because you're trying to remember your new combo
70
Retrograde Amnesia:
cannot remember old memories, but can make new memories
71
Anterograde Amnesia:
cannot make new memories, but can remember old memories
72
Memory:
system that senses, organizes, alters, and retrieves info
73
Pro Social Behavior:
any action intended to help others
74
Alturism:
you don't believe you're going to get anything beneficial in return if you do help someone
75
Bystander Effect:
more people around witnessing, the less likely anybody is going to stand up and help
76
5 Steps in Making a Decision to help:
1. Notice 2. Define it as an emergency 3. Take Responsibility 4. Plan a course of action 5. Take action
77
Encoding:
converting environmental and mental stimuli into memorable brain codes
78
Storage:
"holding on" to encoded info
79
Selective Attention:
ability to focus at one thing at a time, not the whole picture
80
Masking:
- sensory register holds visual info very briefly | - Info that is not "selected" for further processing is lost
81
Working Memory:
set of processes working in the short term memory
82
Elaborative Rehearsal:
transfer info from short term to long term by making info meaningful in some way
83
Declarative Memory:
facts and events, hippocampus | long term
84
Procedural Memory:
motor skills, habits, classically conditioned reflexes, cerebellum long term
85
Episodic Memory:
Type of Declarative Memory - - events experienced by a person long term
86
Semantic Memory:
Type of Declarative Memory - - general knowledge long term
87
Constructive Processing:
retrieval content of memories altered by new info

Psych 121 (1 decks)

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