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Psych 121 > Unit 1 Psych > Flashcards

Unit 1 Psych Flashcards

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1
Q

Social Psychology def.

A

looks at behavior and mental processes bu also includes the social world

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2
Q

Social Influence def.

A

interactions where people directly or indirectly influence the behavior, feelings, and thoughts of each individual

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3
Q

Conformity

A

changing one’s behavior to more closely match the actions of others

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4
Q

Groupthink

A

occurs when ppl within a group feel it is more important to maintain the group’s cohesiveness rather than considering the facts realistically

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5
Q

Ways to cut down on groupthink

A
  • leaders should remain impartial
  • the entire group should seek the opinions of ppl outside of the group
  • any voting should be done on secret ballots
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6
Q

Consumer Psychology

A

figuring out how to get ppl to buy things that someone else is selling

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7
Q

When does compliance occur?

A

when people change their behavior as a result of another person asking or directing them to change

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8
Q

“Door in the face” Compliance technique:

A

First a large request, which is shut down. Then a smaller request.

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9
Q

“Low Ball” Compliance technique:

A

once the commitment is made, then other unknown requests show up like money or time

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10
Q

“Foot in the door” Compliance technique:

A

ask for something very small, then gradually ask for bigger requests
*MOST COMMON technique

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11
Q

Obedience def.

A

changing one’s behavior at the direct order of an authority figure

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12
Q

Social Cognition:

A

focuses on the way in which ppl think about others and how thoughts influences behavior toward other people

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13
Q

What are the ABC model’s of attitude?

A

Affective
Behavior
Cognitive

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14
Q

What is the Affective Component?

A

the way a person feels toward the object, person, or situation. The word: Affect in psych means “emotions/feelings”

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15
Q

What is the Behavioral Component?

A

actions taken by a person in regards to someone else, another object, or situation

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16
Q

What is the Cognitive Component?

A

thoughts, or cognitions including beliefs and ideas about the focus of the attitude.
Ex: country music lovers will obviously say that country music is the best genre

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17
Q

Attitude Formation:

A

the result of a number of different influences with only one thing in common: all forms of learning

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18
Q

Psych def.

A

scientific study of behavior and mental processes

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19
Q

Goals of Psychology:

A

prediction - when will it happen again?
explanation - why is it happening?
control - how can it be changed?
description - what is happening?

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20
Q

Objective introspective:

A

process of objectively examining and measuring one’s own thoughts and mental activities

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21
Q

Functionalism:

A

how people work, play, and adapt to their surroundings

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22
Q

What are the 7 Modern Perspectives?

A
  1. Biopsychological
  2. Sociocultural
  3. Humanistic
  4. Evolutionary
  5. Psychodynamic
  6. Cognitive
  7. Behavioral
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23
Q

What is Biopsychological Perspective about?

A

study of the biological basis of behavior and mental processes such as:
-endocrine system, hormones, hereditary, diseases

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24
Q

What is Sociocultural Perspective about?

A

combines social and cultural psychology. how being in ai social environment effects the way people act

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25
Q

What is Humanistic Perspective about?

A
  • Maslow
  • idea that humans have free will
  • called the “third force” in psychology
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26
Q

What is Evolutionary Perspective about?

A
  • focuses on biological basis for universal mental characteristics that all humans share,
  • seeks to explain general mental strategies and traits
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27
Q

What is Psychodynamic Perspective about?

A
  • Froyd

- focuses on unconscious desire and it’s influences

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28
Q

What is Cognitive Perspective about?

A

asks about thoughts, help replace negative cognitions w positive ones, interpretation

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29
Q

What is Behavioral Perspective about?

A

-B.F. Skinner, believes that there is an external reason for everything
natural observation, does not matter about repressed emotions

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30
Q

Sociocultural Perspective:

A
  • combines social and cultural psychology

- about the effect that people have on one another

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31
Q

Biopsychological Perpective:

A

study of the biological bases of behavior and mental processes

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32
Q

Evolutionary Perspective:

A
  • focuses on the biological bases for universal mental characteristics that all humans share
  • seeks to explain general mental strategies and traits
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33
Q

Psychologist’s job description:

A
  • doesn’t require medical training

- doctorate degree

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34
Q

Psychiatrist’s job description:

A
  • has medical degree

- specializes in diagnosis and treatment

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35
Q

Psychiatrist Social Worker’s job description:

A
  • has medical degree

- trained in social work

36
Q

Applied Research:

A

aimed at answering real world, practical problems

37
Q

Scientific Method steps:

A
  1. Perceiving question
  2. Forming a hypothesis
  3. Testing a hypothesis
  4. Drawing Conclusions
  5. Reporting your results
38
Q

Naturalistic Observation:

A

observing the behavior of animals and how they behave in their natural habitats

39
Q

Disadvantage of Naturalistic Observation?

A

Observer Bias

40
Q

What is observer bias?

A

happens when a person doing the observing bias has a particular opinion about what he/she is going to see

41
Q

What is a Case Study?

A

when an individual is studied in great detail

42
Q

What is correlation?

A

a measure of the relationship between two variables

43
Q

What are two variables going in the same direction?

A

Positive Correlation

44
Q

What are two variables going in opposite directions?

A

Negative Correlation

45
Q

What are the two forms of Social Influence?

A

Conformity - changing behavior to match other ppl

Compliance - changing behavior b/c somebody asks you to

46
Q

Obedience:

A
  • special form of compliance

- you’re complying because somebody with authority is asking you to

47
Q

Cognitive dissance:

A

discomfort when thoughts and actions don’t correspond

48
Q

Techniques to lessen cognitive dissance:

A
  • change conflicting behavior (or attitude)

- form new attitude to justify behavior

49
Q

Attribution:

A

process of explaining other ppl’s behavior and your own
Disposition (internal)
Situation (external)

50
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error:

A
  • most well known attribution error

- tendency of people observing someone’s actions to be judgemental instead of understanding external factors

51
Q

Central Route:

A

attending to the content of the message itself

52
Q

Peripheral Route:

A

attending to the factors that aren’t involved in the message, such as

  • appearance of source of message
  • length of message
53
Q

Prejudice:

A

negative thoughts and feelings about other people in certain groups

54
Q

Discrimination:

A

actual behavior from prejudice

55
Q

Social Cognitive Theory:

A

views prejudice as an attitude acquired through direct instruction, modeling, and other social influences

56
Q

social identity theory:

A

formation of a person’s identity within a group due to:

-social categories, identity, or comparison

57
Q

Stereotype Vulnerability:

A

just the awareness of this stereotypical group affects how you act

58
Q

What can determine causation?

A

ONLY experiments can. Correlation does NOT equal causation.

59
Q

Correlation research design:

A

study of how two variables are related

60
Q

Interpersonal attraction level:

A
  • usually measured by survey

- the attraction between people which leads to friendships and to platonic or romantic relationships

61
Q

Info Processing Model:

A

theory that we think like computers do, but there are 3 stages of where your memory goes

62
Q

Parallel Distributed Processing Model:

A

states that memory doesn’t go in your brain in stages, it goes in all at once

63
Q

Levels of Processing Model:

A

shallow learning

deep learning

64
Q

What is shallow learning?

A

last minute learning

just barely looking over and learning the vague meaning of it

65
Q

What is deep learning?

A

studying something very deeply

learning about all aspects of a subject

66
Q

Interference:

A

something in the way of recalling a memory

67
Q

Proactive Interference:

A

problems with recalling new info, because old stuff is in the way

68
Q

Retroactive Interference:

A

problems recalling old info because new info is getting in the way

69
Q

What is an example of Retroactive Interference?

A

trouble remembering your freshman yr locker combo because you’re trying to remember your new combo

70
Q

Retrograde Amnesia:

A

cannot remember old memories, but can make new memories

71
Q

Anterograde Amnesia:

A

cannot make new memories, but can remember old memories

72
Q

Memory:

A

system that senses, organizes, alters, and retrieves info

73
Q

Pro Social Behavior:

A

any action intended to help others

74
Q

Alturism:

A

you don’t believe you’re going to get anything beneficial in return if you do help someone

75
Q

Bystander Effect:

A

more people around witnessing, the less likely anybody is going to stand up and help

76
Q

5 Steps in Making a Decision to help:

A
  1. Notice
  2. Define it as an emergency
  3. Take Responsibility
  4. Plan a course of action
  5. Take action
77
Q

Encoding:

A

converting environmental and mental stimuli into memorable brain codes

78
Q

Storage:

A

“holding on” to encoded info

79
Q

Selective Attention:

A

ability to focus at one thing at a time, not the whole picture

80
Q

Masking:

A
  • sensory register holds visual info very briefly

- Info that is not “selected” for further processing is lost

81
Q

Working Memory:

A

set of processes working in the short term memory

82
Q

Elaborative Rehearsal:

A

transfer info from short term to long term by making info meaningful in some way

83
Q

Declarative Memory:

A

facts and events, hippocampus

long term

84
Q

Procedural Memory:

A

motor skills, habits, classically conditioned reflexes, cerebellum
long term

85
Q

Episodic Memory:

A

Type of Declarative Memory -
- events experienced by a person
long term

86
Q

Semantic Memory:

A

Type of Declarative Memory -
- general knowledge
long term

87
Q

Constructive Processing:

A

retrieval content of memories altered by new info

Psych 121 (1 decks)

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