Unit 1 - Principles of chemistry Flashcards
Describe the particle arrangement in a solid?
Regular repeating patern, touching each other, vibrate about fixed positions
Bond is strong, fixed shape and volume
Describe the particle arrangement in a liquid?
Irregular, close together, move around and slide past each other
Weak bond, no fixed shape but fixed volume (follows container)
Describe the particle arrangement in a gas
Random, far apart, move freely and collide with each other
No bond, no fixed shape or volume
Define diffusion
The movement of substances from an area of high concentration to low concentration
List the 3 factors affecting diffusion
Concentration gradient, surface area for diffusion, length of diffusion pathway
Solutions and solubility
Define soluble
It will dissolve
Solutions and solubility
Define solubility
How soluble something is
Solutions and solubility
Define solute
The solid that will dissolve in the liquid (solvent)
Solutions and solubility
Define saturated solution
When a solution can’t dissolve anymore solute at that temperature
Solutions and solubility
Define solution
The dissolved solute and solvent
Solutions and solubility
Define insoluble
It will not dissolve
Solutions and solubility
Define solvent
The liquid that the solid (solute) will dissolve in
Elements, compunds and mixtures
Define element
A substance made up of atoms that cannot be split into anything simpler
Cannot be split into anything simpler
Elements, compunds and mixtures
Define compound
A pure substance made 2 or more elements that are chemically combined
Cannot be seperated by physical methods of seperation
Elements, compunds and mixtures
Define mixture
A combination of 2 or more substances (elements and compounds) that are not chemically joined together
Can be seperated by physical means of seperation
