Unit 1: Pathophysiology Introduction Flashcards
Etiology
Causative factors in a particular disease
Idiopathic
When the cause of disease is unknown
Iatrogenic
When a treatment, a procedure, or an error may cause a disease, which is then known as…
Predisposing factors
All the tendencies that promote the development of a disease in an individual.
Pathogenesis
The development of the disease or the sequence of events involved in the tissue changes related to the specific disease process.
Acute onset
Onset is sudden and obvious
Insidious onset
Onset a gradual progression with only vague or very mild signs
Acute disease
A short-term illness that develops very quickly with marked signs such high fever or severe pain
Chronic disease
Is often a milder condition developing gradually but persists for a long time and usually causes more permanent tissue damage
Manifestations
Are the clinical evidence or effects, the signs and symptoms, of disease. May be local or systemic.
Signs
Objective indicators of disease that are obvious to someone other than the affected individual.
Examples fever or skin rash
Symptoms
Subjective feelings of the affected individual.
Example: pain or nausea
Lesion
A specific local change in the tissue. Maybe microscopic or highly visible.
Remission
Mark the course (progress) of a disease.
Manifestations subside
Exacerbations
Mark the course (progress) of a disease.
Signs increase
Morbidity
The disease rates within a group
Mortality
Indicate the relative number of deaths resulting from a particular disease
Cellular atrophy
Decrease in the size of cells, resulting in a reduced tissue mass.
Cellular hypertrophy
Increase in the size of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass
Cellular hyperplasia
Increase in the number of cells, resulting in an enlarged tissue mass
Cellular metaplasia
One mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type
Cellular Dysplasia
Tissue in which the cells very in size and shape
Cellular neoplasm
“New growth”
Malignancy or tumor
Ischemia
Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to tissues or organs, due to circulatory obstruction
Physical agents (3)
Excessive heat
Excessive cold
Radiation exposure
Mechanical damage (2)
Pressure
Tearing of tissue
Chemical
Toxins
Microorganisms
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites
Disease
A deviation from normal structure or function of any part, organ, system (or a combination of these) from a state of wellness.
Complications
New secondary or additional problems that arise after the original disease begins.
Prognosis
The probability or likelihood for recovery or other outcomes.
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
