Unit 1 - Particles And Radiation Flashcards

0
Q

What is the quark structure of a baryon? (1)

A

Three quarks

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1
Q

What property defines a hadron? (1)

A

Particles that experience the strong force/interaction

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2
Q

What is the quark structure of a meson? (1)

A

Quark and antiquark

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3
Q

State one similarity and one difference between a particle and its antiparticle? (2)

A

Similarity - rest mass/energy

Difference - opposite charge

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4
Q

State the interaction, with a reason, responsible for the decay of a K- into a negative muon and antineutrino? (2)

A

Weak interaction

Because strange not conserved

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5
Q

What part of the atom is the same as a β- particle? (1)

A

Electron

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6
Q

What particle is difficult to detect from β+ decay? (1)

A

Neutrino

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7
Q

Give the quark structure of a neutron and proton (1)

A

Proton - uud

Neutron - ddu

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8
Q

Describe how the strong nuclear force between two nucleons varies with distance, stating suitable values of desperation (3)

A
  • Repulsive then attractive
  • Short range
  • pre 0.4fm repulsive, after attractive
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9
Q

What is meant by isotopes (2)

A
  • Same atomic number/proton number

* Different number of nucleons/neutrons

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10
Q

State one difference between hadrons and leptons (1)

A

Leptons do not experience strong interaction, hadrons do
Or
Hadrons not fundamental, leptons are

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11
Q

Hadrons can be divided into two groups. Name the groups and state a difference (3)

A
  • Baryons
  • Mesons
  • Baryons three quarks, mesons quark and antiquark
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12
Q

Which constituent of an atom has the largest specific charge? (1)

A

Electron

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13
Q

Name two baryons (2)

A

Proton, neutron

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14
Q

State the quark structure of the pion π+ (1)

A

Up and antidown

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15
Q

Give one characteristic of a strange particle that makes it different from a particle that is not strange (1)

A
Contains strange quark
Or
Longer half life than expected
Or
Decays by weak interaction
16
Q

State what is meant by isotopes (2)

A
  • Same atomic number/ number of protons

* Different mass/ nucleon number/ number of neutrons

17
Q

Explain why the alpha particle, once outside the nucleus, is unaffected by the strong nuclear force. (2)

A
  • Strong nuclear force has short range

* No effect at distances larger than 3fm

18
Q

Where does the electron in pair production come from? (1)

A

Inner shell of atom

19
Q

State what is meant by specific charge and give an appropriate unit for this quantity. (2)

A
  • The ratio of charge to mass

* Ckg^-1

20
Q

State the quark composition of a meson. (1)

A

Quark antiquark pair

21
Q

State the Baryon number of the K- meson. (1)

22
Q

State the quark composition of the K- meson. (1)

A

Anti up and strange quark

23
Q

What particle is responsible for the decay of a strange quark. (1)

A

Weak interaction

24
What is meant by nucleon number and proton number? (1)
Nucleon number - number of protons and neutrons/ mass number | Proton number - number of protons/ atomic number
25
State what is meant by an isotope? (2)
* Variations of an element that have the same proton/ atomic number * But different nucleon number
26
Explain what is meant by electron capture. (3)
* an atomic/orbital/shell electron * Interacts with a proton in the nucleus via weak interaction * Neutron formed/ up quark converted to down quark
27
Name the constituent of an atom which has zero charge. (1)
Neutron
28
Name the constituent of an atom which has the largest specific charge. (1)
Electron
29
Name the constituent of an atom which when removed leaves a different isotope. (1)
Neutron
30
Give two properties of hadrons that distinguish them from leptons. (3)
* Experience the strong interaction | * Not fundamental
31
Sate one difference between the W+- boson and a photon. (1)
W boson charged γ not charged/ w boson has mass/ photon has infinite range