Unit 1 Part 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
phonics
the study of the relationships between letters and the sounds they represent
phonemic awareness
the conscious awareness of the individual speech sounds (consonants and vowels) in spoken syllables and the ability to consciously manipulate those sounds.
syllable
the unit of pronunciation that is organized around a vowel; it may or may not have a consonant after the vowel
orthography
a writing system for representing language
morphophonemic
English orthography is morphophonemic, which means that it is a deep alphabetic writing system organized by both “sound-symbol” correspondences and morphology.
morpheme
the smallest meaningful unit of language; it may be a word or a part of a word; it may be a single sound (plural s), one syllable (suffix-full), or multiple syllables (prefix inter-)
cognate
a word in one language that shares a common ancestor and common meanings with a word in another language.
metalinguistic awareness
the ability to think about and reflect on the structure of language itself.
word recognition
the accurate and fast retrieval of decoded word forms, is essential for the development of reading comprehension.
language comprehension
refers to listening comprehension or the linguistic processes involved in the comprehension of oral language.
decoding
the ability to translate a word from print to speech, usually employing knowledge of sound-symbol correspondences.
discourse
written or spoken communication “or the exchange” of information and ideas, usually longer than a sentence, between individuals or between the writer and the reader.
phonology
the rule system within a language by which phonemes can be sequenced, combined, and pronounced to make words. Single sounds (phonemes) are represented by alphabet letters. Letters are separate units. In English, they must be decoded from left to right.
orthography
a writing system for representing language
morphology
the study of meaningful units in a language and how the units are combined in word formation.
semantics
the study of word and phrase meanings and relationships (words with similar meanings e.g. rank, order, sequence).
syntax
the system of rules governing permissible word order in sentences
pragmatics
the system of rules and conventions for using language and related gestures in a social context. (you would use different phrases, etc. with a friend than with a stranger.)
academic language
written or spoken language that is more stylistically formal than spoken conversational language; language that is most often used in academic discourse and text.
orthographic mapping
the mental process used to store words form immediate and effortless retrieval. It requires phonemic awareness, letter-sound knowledge, and the mechanism for sight word learning.
Phonological processing system
encompasses several areas in the brain, enables us to perceive, remember, interpret, and produce the speech-sound system of our own language and learn the sounds of other languages.
lexicon
the name for the mental dictionary in every person’s phonological processing system.
grapheme
a letter or letter combination that spells a phoneme; can be one, two, three, or four letters in English (e.g. e, ei, eigh, eight).
semantic processing system
involves many regions of the brain; it interprets the meanings of words in and out of context.
