unit 1 overview pt1 Flashcards
Structuralism
studying the mind by looking at what its made of
Edward Titchener coined the term “Structuralism”
Functionalism
studying the mind’s functions
William James
Psychoanalytic Theory
also called psychdynamic
people using this perspective believe that the unconscious mind controls much of our thought and actions.
Freud and Jung
Unconscious, Id, ego, superego, defense mechanisms, archetypes
Behaviorism
focuses on observable stimuli and responses. behavior is shaped by the environment
John B. Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner
classical and operant conditioning
Introspection
asking a person to oberserve themselves thinking
which isnt effective and could lead to confusion
stimuli
environmental events
responses
physical reactions
reinforcement
environmental stimuli that either encourages or discourage certain responses
B.F. Skinner included this idea to Behaviorism
electic
using many different perspectives
Humanist Perspective
people who use this perspective stress individual choice and free will (A person’s desire to achieve
growth and personal potential,
each person in unique, free will.)
Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers
self-actualization and client-centered therapy
deterministic behaviorists
people who theorize that all behaviors are caused by past conditioning
the belief that are choices are guided by physiological, emotional, or spiritual needs.
the humanistic perspective
Biological
biopsychology or neuroscience
explains human thought and behavior stricy in terms of biological processes
sperry, olds
genes, hormones, and neurotransmitters
Evolutionary
examines human thoughts and actions in terms of natural selection
darwin
similar and a sorta subset of biopsychology
Cognitive
examines human thought and processes in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events
Piaget and Chomsky
focuses on how we store, process, and use info like a computer
Social-cultural
sociocultural
examines out thoughts and behaviors by seeing how they very between cultures. emphasizes the influence culture has on the way we think and act.
Psychiatrists
Medical doctors (M.D.s) and prescribe medicince to treat biological disorders
hindsight bias
“i knew it all along”
applied research
apply research to practical things (real-world applications)
basic research
sorta just like doing research for fun, questions of interest, (non-real-world applications)
Overconfidence
when we are more confident that we know something than we are correct
theory
tries to explain a phenomenon (big bang, evolution)
hypothesis
it expresses a relationship between two variable ( a prediction that can be tested)
operational definition
