UNIT 1: Overview of Exceptionality Flashcards
the society makes ____ to identify people who vary significantly from the norm
not the process
descriptors
what is the proces of descriptors?
labelling
what is the purpose of labels?
to identify and provide services for students with learning, physical, and behavioral differences
*services - discounts, etc.
what are the common descriptors used to describe people with differences?
DDH
Disorder, disability, and handicap
these are not synonymous
the broadest of the three terms, refers to general disturbance in mental, physical, or psychological functioning
disorder
the term is more specific than a disorder and results from a loss of psychological functioning or from difficulty learning and social adjustment that significantly interferes with typical growth
disability
is a limitation imposed on the individual by the demands in the environment and is related to the individual’s ability to adapt or adjust to those demands
handicap
usually a negative term, has a narrow focus; cap in hand
a more comprehensive term, may be used to describe an indivual whose physical, intellectual, or behavioral performance differs substantially from the norm, either higher or lower
exceptional
includes those with extraordinary abilities and/or disabilities
what are the given benefits of people who are exceptional
individualized assistance, supports, or accomodation in school or society
True or False
Labels can be positive or negative.
True
Give labels that are positive and negative
positve: bright, intelligent, gifted
negative: radical, extremist, rebel
True or False
Labels are often based on facts.
False
based on ideas, not on facts
True or False
Labels can promote stereotyping, discrimination, and exclusion
True
If theuse of labels may have negative consequences, why is labeling used so extensively?
- to distinguish those who are eligible for services,
- to **protect **the child, to identify specific needs,
- to determine** degrees of needs**,
- to set priorities for services when societal resources are limited
what are three approaches that may be used to describe the nature and extent of someone who differs substantially from the norm
- a developmental approach
- a cultural view
- self labeling
Which of the three approach
by observing in large numbers of individuals those characteristics that occur most frequently at a specific age
A Developmental Approach
Which of the three approach
Normal is defined by societal values
A Cultural View
Which of the three approach
People are considered deviant when they do something that is disapproved of by others members within the dominant culture
A Cultural View
Which of the three approach
Self-imposed labels reflect how we perceive ourselves, not how others see us.
Self Labeling
True or False
Reactions to a label differ greatly from one person to another but can often be negative.
True
The old terms such as mental subnormality and mental handicap, generate a more ________.
negative reaction
that of newer terms such as learning difficulty and learning disability
What are the effects of being labeled?
- the person and the label may be inseparable
- the environment in which we view someone can influence our perceptions of that person.
Biological Perspectives
What perspective considers the brain and nervous system functions as underlying cases of psychological disorders in children and adults?
Neurobiological Perspective
