Unit 1: Organic Chemistry

Question 1

functional group of alkanes

Answer 1

all single bonds between carbons; saturated

Question 2

functional group of alkenes

Answer 2

at least one double bond; unsaturated

Question 3

functional group of alkynes

Answer 3

at least one triple bond; unsaturated

Question 4

functional group of organic halides

Answer 4

halogen attached to carbon

Question 5

functional group of alcohols

Answer 5

OH or hydroxyl group attached to carbon

Question 6

functional group of aldehydes

Answer 6

carbonyl group (O double bonded to C) on the end (first or last) carbon in the molecule

Question 7

functional group of ketones

Answer 7

carbonyl group (O double bonded to C) on any carbon not on the end of the molecule

Question 8

hydrogenation

Answer 8

alkene + hydrogen → alkane

Question 9

halogenation

Answer 9

alkene + halogen →organic halide

Question 10

hydrohalogenation

Answer 10

alkene + HX → organic halide

Question 11

hydration

Answer 11

alkene + water → alcohol

Question 12

What happens when an alkyne molecule undergoes an addition reaction (limiting/excess)?

Answer 12

If the added reactant is in excess, the product will have all single bonds. If the added reactant is limiting, the product will have a double bond.

Question 13

How do you make an organic halide?

Answer 13

alkane + halogen

Question 14

Functional group of ether

Answer 14

C bonded to O that is bonded to another C

Question 15

Functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 15

Carboxyl group - C double bonded to an O and the same C bonded to an OH

Question 16

Functional group of ester

Answer 16

C double bonded to an O and the same C single bonded to another O

Question 17

A primary alcohol undergoing controlled oxidation forms ___?

Answer 17

An aldehyde + water

Question 18

A secondary alcohol undergoing controlled oxidation forms ___?

Answer 18

A ketone + water

Question 19

Tertiary alcohols undergoing controlled oxidation form ___?

Answer 19

Nothing; tertiary alcohols do not undergo controlled oxidation.

Question 20

What are isomers?

Answer 20

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural diagrams (names)

Question 21

How are esters created?

Answer 21

Through a condensation reaction between alcohol and carboxylic acid; aka esterification

Question 22

How do you make carboxylic acid?

Answer 22

Through a controlled oxidation of an aldehyde

Question 23

How are carboxylic acids formed?

Answer 23

Through a controlled oxidation of an aldehyde

Question 24

When naming esters, which comes first: the alcohol or carboxylic acid?

Answer 24

First is the alcohol (-yl) and then the carboxylic acid (-oate)

Question 25

When drawing esters, which comes first: the alcohol or carboxylic acid?

Answer 25

First is the carboxylic acid (on the left side of the O) and then the alcohol (on the right side of the O)

Question 26

How are ethers made?

Answer 26

Through a condensation/dehydration reaction between 2 alcohols, also forming water

Question 27

Controlled oxidation of an aldehyde produces ___

Answer 27

A carboxylic acid (no water)

Question 28

An organic halide can be produced from an alkane through…

Answer 28

A substitution reaction