Unit 1: Nutrition Intro

Question 1

Ergogenic Acid

Answer 1

any ingested or employed element used to improve performance (e.g., creatine monohydrate for strength training)

Question 2

Supplements

Answer 2

dietary product used to supplement a deficiency in the diet (e.g., multi-mineral/vitamin pills)

Question 3

Diet

Answer 3

nutrient and non-nutrient intakes, consumed by the mouth

Question 4

Nutrition

Answer 4

all physiological processes that occur once food/drink enters the body to nourish tissues

Question 5

Nutrient

Answer 5

any substance that provides nourishment and helps maintain bodily homeostasis

Question 6

Energy-yielding nutrients

Answer 6

yield usable energy in the form of calories; includes carbohydrates, protein, and fat (alcohol is an energy yielding non-nutrient at 7 kcal/g)

Question 7

Non-energy yielding nutrients

Answer 7

do not contain calories, but are still essential to bodily functions; includes water, minerals and vitamins

Question 8

Macronutrient

Answer 8

consumed in relatively greater quantities to prevent deficiencies and maintain optimal bodily function; includes carbohydrates, protein, fat, and water

Question 9

Micronutrient

Answer 9

consumed in relatively small quantities to prevent deficiencies and maintain optimal bodily function; includes vitamins and minerals

Question 10

Fitness eating

Answer 10

Fitness competitors often focus on optimized nutrient timing and quantities for aesthetics or single-day events such as a 5K

Question 11

Sport performance eating

Answer 11

Athlete nutrition must ensure adequate energy intake to delay fatigue while providing proper nutrient density for performance, optimal recovery, and necessary bodyfat

Question 12

Catabolism

Answer 12

metabolic activity associated with the breakdown of tissues or energy reserves within the body (e.g., storage fat loss due to high caloric expenditure)

Question 13

Anabolism

Answer 13

metabolic activity associated with the building of tissues or storage of energy reserves within the body (e.g., protein synthesis for muscle growth)

Question 14

1 Goals of Sport Nutrition

Answer 14

1. Providing adequate energy to support work and recovery

Question 15

2 Goals of Sport Nutrition

Answer 15

2. Ensuring nutrient balance supports cellular demands for growth, maintenance, and repair

Question 16

3 Goals of Sport Nutrition

Answer 16

3. Providing adequate support for efficient metabolic and immune function

Question 17

How should protein and carbohydrate needs be determined?

Answer 17

in grams per kilogram of body weight (g/kg/BW)

Question 18

What is the greatest indicator of nutritional success?

Answer 18

adequate energy

Question 19

Mean estimated energy intake for males

Answer 19

2,561-2,994 kcals/day

Question 20

Mean estimated energy intake for females

Answer 20

1,997-2,457 kcals/day

Question 21

Who has the highest total energy intakes?

Answer 21

Endurance athletes

Question 22

What is the most common macronutrient inadequacy?

Answer 22

insufficient carbs

Question 23

Hyponatremia

Answer 23

dangerous condition associated with an abnormally-low blood sodium level (<135 mmol/L)

Question 24

Future hot topics with sport nutrition

Answer 24

1. the precision nutrition concept
2. specialized dietary supplements
3. newly-engineered processed foods
4. phytochemicals
5. diet-microbiota (gut bacteria) interactions

Question 25

Phytochemicals

Answer 25

active compounds found in plants shown to provide health benefits, but are not essential or linked to a deficiency (e.g., lycopene in tomatoes)