Unit 1 Morality Flashcards

(57 cards)

1
Q

definition of morality

A

the science of what humans ought to do by reason of who they are

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2
Q

what is moral relativism

A

each culture/group has right to make up their own morality, there is no absolute moral code. laws are necessary to achieve a peaceful society but in personal life if it doesn’t hurt anyone, one can decide what is right for them

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3
Q

problems with moral relativism

A

-doesn’t correspond w/ reality
-no criteria to judge different morality standards
-people’s decisions/actions DO affect other people
-who decides who creates the laws for a peaceful society?
-principle of non-contradiction: no view of morality is absolute except the view of morality that there are no absolutes

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4
Q

what is Hedonsim

A

pleasure=greatest good
pain=greatest evil
feeling good is the goal of morality

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5
Q

problems with Hedonism

A

it’s self-destructive and self-centered. what is good for is not always most fulfilling or is not always good for others

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6
Q

What is utilitarianism

A

actions are moral when they lead to the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

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7
Q

problems w/ utilitarianism

A

majority can be wrong, great happiness for majority can mean great unhappiness for a small number
danger of only valuing those that are useful

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8
Q

what is consequentialism

A

morality of an action is determined by its consequences

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9
Q

problems w/ consequentialism

A

can justify bad actions that lead to god results, don’t always know the best consequences. how to weigh “badness” that is justifiable for the resulting “goodness”

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10
Q

bottom level of happiness

A

physical pleasures

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11
Q

2nd level of happiness

A

ego gratification

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12
Q

3rd level of happiness

A

relationships/beyond self

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13
Q

top level of happiness

A

ultimate perfect happiness

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14
Q

what is physical pleasures

A

happiness derived from material objects and pleasure they can provide

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15
Q

what is ego gratification

A

happiness derived from personal achievements

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16
Q

what is relationships/beyond self happiness

A

happiness derived from doing good for others and making the world a better place

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17
Q

what is the problem with relativism

A

it says that moral is something relative; subjective and changeable according to beliefs and circumstances, and it isn’t

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18
Q

what is natural law

A

universal, permant and unchanging, can be discovered through humand reason and corresponds with our desire to preserve life, develop as individuals and communities and share life with others

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19
Q

arguments for existence of natural law

A
  1. universal human nature
  2. humans inherently understand right and wrong
  3. humans are morally obligated to use their reasoning
  4. is passed to humans via God
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20
Q

CS Lewis’ arguments for Natural Law

A
  1. Selfishness has never been admired
  2. We must behave in a certain way and expect others to do the same
  3. People who argue both agree that there is a basline of right vs. wrong
  4. none of us really live up to it
  5. we think every culture has drastically different laws (this isn’t true)
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21
Q

definition of virtue

A

habitual and firm disposition to do the good

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21
Q

what does natural law show about objective/subjective truths in moral standards

A

You can’t take objective truths and make them subjective

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22
Q

aristotle’s idea of proper functioning

A

everything has a function, a thing is good to the extent that it fulfills it’s function

22
Q

eudaimonia

A

a life well lived

23
4 cardinal virtues
prudence, justice, fortitude, temperance
24
cardinal in latin
hinge
25
what is prudence
applies moral principles to particular situations (intellect)
26
what is justice
consists in the constant and firm will to give their due to God and neighbor, it promotes equity with regards to persons and the common good
27
what is fortitude
THE VIRTUE TO CHOOSE THE RIGHT THING!! the firmness in difficulties and constancy in the pursuit of the good. it resists temptations to overcome obstacles in the moral life, even fear or death of persecution
28
what were we created for
to love God and others
29
how does what we were created for relate to happiness
when we do what God intended for us to do, we will happy for eternity
30
what does morality teach us to do
honor god and life a life that seeks to please Him and help out others
31
what is Christian's telos
a greek word meaning "end" or "purpose" our telos is for God and heaven
32
what is Christian's GPS
reason and revelation
33
creation story points
-humans created last, we are best thing God created -God created this world for us -God gives us free will to give us a chance to love Him -women are equal in dignity to men -male and female compliment each other -we were creatred to be in relationships
34
results of original sin
suffering is a natural consequence, gives us a distorted image of God, men and women will never have a perfect relationship, we don't always know what's best for us
35
what is eternal law
God's self revelation (who God is)
36
natural law 4 basic aspects
1. universal (applies to all people in all places) 2. permanent (applies to all times) 3. unchanging (for all times) 4. reasonable (could be discovered through human reason)
37
what is civil law
-particular application of the natural law for members of a given society -not always accurate
38
can one disobey an unjust law
YES
39
what is revealed law
God's law
40
why do we need revealed law
our reason isn't enough, God gives us revealed law
41
what is Old law?
10 commandments, meant to guide GOd's people in how to love him and one another
42
what is New law?
Beatitudes, fulfill the divine promises by elevating and orienting them toward the kingdom of Heaven
43
what is the meaning/purpose of the geatitudes
they deal with interior acts of the heart. having pure intentions, sincerity
44
what is Church law
the full body of established rules governing the Catholic Church
45
what is the Magisterium
the teaching body of the Church (bishops and pope)
46
what are the precepts of the Church
"Laws"/"Commandments" of the Church that are considered binding for the faithful. the precepts of the Church are minimal obligations for Catholics in good standing
47
the 6 precepts
1. attend mass on sundays 2. confess sins at least once a year 3. receive the Eucharist at LEAST during the Easter season 4. keep holy days of obligation 5. observe prescribed laws of fasting and abstinence 6. help provide for material needs of the Church
48
why should we trust Church law
1. deposit of faith: church been around long time and has experience we lack 2. papal infallibility: god uses Pope to reveal things to use (without error) 3. god's goodness and love
49
3 parts of the moral act
object, intention, circumstance
50
do all the parts have to be good in order for the act to be moral
YES
51
object part of the moral act
the action being performed a good object=good object=good object OR a bad object=bad=bad nothing can change if it's a good or bad action
52
intention part of the moral act
subjective element, can make an object worse
53
circumstance part of the moral act
who/where/when/how, all the details ONLY IN YOUR CONTROL, sometimes play no role in the moral act
54
what is conscience
a sense of what is right/wrong in one's conduct or motives. it is a feeling of obligation to do the right thing
55
christians are called to judge ________ but can never judge ________
christians are called to judge ACTIONS but can never judge SOULS