Unit 1 Module 1: European Colonization Flashcards
What technology did Europeans use to explore?
The astrolabe, the compass, and the Mercator projection map
What did the astrolabe do?
It used math to find the time of the day and the time of sunset and sunrise
What did the compass do?
It told them the direction they were travelling in
What is this map?
A Mercator projection map from the 1400s
What is this map?
A Mercator projection map from today
What is a major weakness of the Mercator projection map?
It’s inaccurate to use it today because the closer you are to the equator, the smaller you are represented on the map.
What is a missionary?
Someone who goes to another country to spread their religion
What were the 3 big reasons for why European countries when to colonize?
Gold
God
Glory
Why was gold a motivation for Europeans to colonize?
Because people in Europe were thirsty for gold since you could buy alot of luxury good (like spices) with gold.
Why was glory a motivation for Europeans to colonize?
Because European countries were rivals with each other. Each European country wanted to be better than the other
Why was god a motivation for Europeans to colonize?
Because Europeans, who were Christian, thought God wanted them to spread Christianity, even if it meant by force.
What is a colonizer?
A powerful country that uses their power to attack weaker countries and steals their resources
What is a colony?
A weakened country that becomes a servant to the mother country. The job of the colony is to feed the mother country and make the mother country rich
What do you call the idea that the job of a colony is to make the mother country rich?
Mercantilism
Who is Spain?
A country in Europe that is Catholic. Spain was created in the 1400s when the King of one country married the Queen of another country.
What did Spain do when it was created?
It began what is called “the Reconquista”.
What is The Reconquista?
When the Spanish kicked out Jews and Muslims out of Spain because they weren’t Catholic. The Reconquista was finished the same year Columbus went to the Americas in 1492
Who is France?
A country in Europe that is Catholic. Unlike Spain, France has been around for a long time. France is also Catholic, and is controlled by a King in an absolute Monarchy.
What is an absolute monarchy?
This is a dictatorship. What the King says is law. You upset the King here, and they will kill you
Who is England?
A country in Europe that has been around for a long time and is no longer Catholic. They stopped being Catholic because the Pope, who is leader of the Catholics, didnt want to give King Henry a divorce. So King Henry started his own religion, called the Church of England.
Who controls England?
England has a government called a constitutional monarchy. They have a King, and they have a Parliament. Both the King and Parliament share power.
What is English Parliament?
Rich white males in England got to choose who represented them in government. All the representatives that were chosen would go to a building called Parliament
Who are the Dutch?
They are from a country called The Netherlands. They are Protestant Christians, much like the people in England.
What is the difference between a Protestant and a Catholic?
Protestants believe in Jesus Christ, just like Catholics, but they don’t think that the Catholic Pope should be listened to.
How can I remember what a protestant is?
Protestants PROTEST the power of the Pope. To protest is to not agree with something. Like y’all like to protest a lot about the dress code.
What is an indigenous person?
A Native American. Someone who was here before Europeans started colonizing in 1492
What is the Columbian exchange?
The transfer of plants and animals from Afro-Eurasia to the Americas
What is afro-Eurasia?
The word we used to describe the combined land of Africa, Europe, and Asia.
How many indigenous people were enslaved by the Europeans, all the way until the late 1800s?
2.5 - 5 million
What reason did Europeans give for colonizing indigenous people?
Europeans said they were smarter than indigenous people.
Europeans said that their culture was better than indigenous culture, and did not let the indigenous practice their own culture
What happened in 1607?
Jamestown was founded by the British
Who paid for the people of Jamestown to go and colonize?
The Virginia Company
What type of company was the Virginia Company?
A joint-stock company.
This meant that several people owned a piece of the company, instead of just one person.
What raw material was the Virginia Company looking to find in Jamestown?
Gold
What was the name of the Indigenous group that the people of Jamestown stole land from?
The stole land from the Powhatan Confederacy
What was the Virginia House of Burgesses?
a building where representatives from Jamestown met to vote on laws and stuff
What type of people had the power in the Virginia House of Burgesses?
$$$$ Wealthy landowners
Who was responsible for shifting the economic focus of Jamestown to tobacco?
John Rolfe
What is an example of a cash crop?
Tobacco because you can sell it for a lot of money
Why did the Pilgrims and Puritans come to America?
Because they were being attacked and persecuted for their religious beliefs
What is a push factor?
Something that pushes you away.
Like the dress code at school pushes you away from wanting to go to school
What is a pull factor?
Something that pulls you in. Like having early release Fridays and brain breaks at school makes school slightly more fun
What does economic opportunity have to do with Jamestown?
The people who settled Jamestown were chasing economic opportunity. Like the opportunity to find gold and get rich.
What two things did the Mayflower compact signers agree to?
To stay loyal to the King and to keep being Christians
Who did the Pilgrims and Puritans steal land from when they settled in Plymouth?
The stole land from the Wampanoag Confederacy
