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Biology > Unit 1: Microscopes, Specialized Cells, Bacterial Cells and Enzymes and Nutrition > Flashcards

Unit 1: Microscopes, Specialized Cells, Bacterial Cells and Enzymes and Nutrition Flashcards

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1
Q

How many meters is one kilometer?

A

km - kilometers, equal to 1000 meters

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2
Q

How many centimeters is one meter

A

m - meters, equal to 100 centimeters

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3
Q

How many millimeters is one centimeter?

A

cm - centimeters, equal to 10 millimeters

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4
Q

How many micrometers is one millimeter?

A

μm - micrometers, equal to 1000 nanometers

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5
Q

How many picometers is one nanometer?

A

nm - nanometers, equal to 1000 picometers

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6
Q

What is the smallest unit of measurement in this topic?

A

pm - picometers

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7
Q

How many nanometers is one micrometer?

A

μm - micrometers, equal to 1000 nanometers

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8
Q

What is resolution?

A

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two points as separate. Essentially the level of detail that can be seen using a microscope

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9
Q

What is magnification?

A

The process of enlarging the physical appearance/image of something

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10
Q

What is the formula linking to Image size and magnification>

A

Image Size = Actual Size x Magnification

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11
Q

If the length of a mosquito stinger on an image is 52mm, and the magnification used is x4, what is the actual size of the mosquito stinger?

A

13000μm, or anything equivalent

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12
Q

Where do chemical reactions in a cell occur?

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

What do mitochondria do?

A

Aerobic Respiration

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14
Q

What do ribosomes do?

A

Protein synthesis

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15
Q

What holds the cell’s genetic information?

A

Nucleus

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16
Q

What does a cell membrane do?

A

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

17
Q

What is the purpose of a cell wall, and what is it made of?

A

Strengthens the cell

Made of cellulose

18
Q

What is the purpose of a vacuole?

A
  • Filled with a fluid called cell sap

- Helps the cell keep it’s shape

19
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:
DNA is found in the nucleus
Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria
Animal and plant cells have ribosomes
Only animal cells have a cell wall
Ribosomes are easily viewed with a microscope
Plants make their food in the chloroplasts
Scale bars help us estimate cell size from drawings
Animal and plant cells are identical
Only animals carry out respiration

A 
True
False
True
False
False
True
True
False
False
20
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex cells

21
Q

Do sperm and egg cells contain a diploid or haploid nucleus?

What is the difference between a diploid and haploid nucleus?

A

Haploid Nucleus

The haploid nucleus has one set of chromosomes, and the diploid nucleus has two sets of chromosomes

22
Q

Would a ciliated epithelial cell have a haploid or diploid nucleus?

A
  • Diploid
23
Q

Adaptations of the sperm cell:

A

Haploid nucleus - Contains one set of chromosomes because this is a gamete
Many mitochondria - Releases energy quickly for the movement of the cell
Long tail - Moves from side to side so the cell swims forward
Acrosome containing enzymes - Helps the cell burrow through the jelly like layer surrounding the egg cell

24
Q

Adaptations of the egg cell:

A

Haploid nucleus - Contains one set of chromosomes because this is a gamete
Jelly like layer hardens after the sperm cell nucleus and egg cell nucleus fuse - Helps prevent a second sperm from fertilising the egg cell
Cell membrane hardens after fertilisation - Helps prevent a second sperm from fertilising the egg cell
Large store of nutrients in the cytoplasm - Provides a source of energy for cell division and growth after fertilisation
Jelly layer surrounding the cell membrane - Protects the egg cell as it moves through the oviduct

25
Q

Adaptations of the ciliated epithelial cell:

A

Diploid nucleus - Contains two sets of chromosomes because this is a body cell
Fine hair like extensions to the cell membrane - Sweep from side to side to move things across the cell surface
Lines oviducts - Moves the egg cell from the ovary towards the uterus

26
Q

Adaptations of an Epithelial Cell with Microvilli:

A

Diploid nucleus - Contains two sets of chromosomes because this is a body cell
Finger-like extensions of the cell surface membrane - Increases surface area of the cell so substances are absorbed more quickly
Lines small intestine - Where digested food substances are absorbed into the body

27
Q

SI units in order

A 
KM
M
CM
MM
µM
NM
PM
28
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

Speed up chemical reactions within the body

29
Q

What does protease break down?

A

A long chain of amino acids forming a protein molecule into individual amino acids.
Essentially, it breaks down proteins.

30
Q

What enzyme breaks down lactose?

A

Lactase

31
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Breaks down starch into individual glucose molecules/sugars

32
Q

Why are enzymes called catalysts?

A

They can be used over and over in a reaction, and they speed up reactions

33
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

Saliva and small intestine

34
Q

What does lipase do?

A

Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

35
Q

Where would you find lipase?

A

Pancreas, mouth and stomach

36
Q

What is an active site?

A

A specifically shaped area where items called substrates can bind. The active site is specifically shaped so that a substrate can bind

37
Q

What happens after a substrate binds with an enzyme?

A

Something called induced fit will occur, wherein the active site can change it’s shape even more and it can either build up or break down substrates that bind to it

38
Q

What happens if the ideal temperature and pH that an enzyme is suited to changes?

A

The enzyme becomes denatured, so it’s shape changes, and it can no longer bind o substrates and/or do it’s job correctly

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