Unit 1: Microscopes, Specialized Cells, Bacterial Cells and Enzymes and Nutrition

Question 1

How many meters is one kilometer?

Answer 1

km - kilometers, equal to 1000 meters

Question 2

How many centimeters is one meter

Answer 2

m - meters, equal to 100 centimeters

Question 3

How many millimeters is one centimeter?

Answer 3

cm - centimeters, equal to 10 millimeters

Question 4

How many micrometers is one millimeter?

Answer 4

μm - micrometers, equal to 1000 nanometers

Question 5

How many picometers is one nanometer?

Answer 5

nm - nanometers, equal to 1000 picometers

Question 6

What is the smallest unit of measurement in this topic?

Answer 6

pm - picometers

Question 7

How many nanometers is one micrometer?

Answer 7

μm - micrometers, equal to 1000 nanometers

Question 8

What is resolution?

Answer 8

Resolution is the ability to distinguish between two points as separate. Essentially the level of detail that can be seen using a microscope

Question 9

What is magnification?

Answer 9

The process of enlarging the physical appearance/image of something

Question 10

What is the formula linking to Image size and magnification>

Answer 10

Image Size = Actual Size x Magnification

Question 11

If the length of a mosquito stinger on an image is 52mm, and the magnification used is x4, what is the actual size of the mosquito stinger?

Answer 11

13000μm, or anything equivalent

Question 12

Where do chemical reactions in a cell occur?

Answer 12

Cytoplasm

Question 13

What do mitochondria do?

Answer 13

Aerobic Respiration

Question 14

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 14

Protein synthesis

Question 15

What holds the cell’s genetic information?

Answer 15

Nucleus

Question 16

What does a cell membrane do?

Answer 16

Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell

Question 17

What is the purpose of a cell wall, and what is it made of?

Answer 17

Strengthens the cell

Made of cellulose

Question 18

What is the purpose of a vacuole?

Answer 18

• Filled with a fluid called cell sap

- Helps the cell keep it’s shape

Question 19

TRUE OR FALSE:
DNA is found in the nucleus
Photosynthesis occurs in the mitochondria
Animal and plant cells have ribosomes
Only animal cells have a cell wall
Ribosomes are easily viewed with a microscope
Plants make their food in the chloroplasts
Scale bars help us estimate cell size from drawings
Animal and plant cells are identical
Only animals carry out respiration

Answer 19

True
False
True
False
False
True
True
False
False

Question 20

What are gametes?

Answer 20

Sex cells

Question 21

Do sperm and egg cells contain a diploid or haploid nucleus?

What is the difference between a diploid and haploid nucleus?

Answer 21

Haploid Nucleus

The haploid nucleus has one set of chromosomes, and the diploid nucleus has two sets of chromosomes

Question 22

Would a ciliated epithelial cell have a haploid or diploid nucleus?

Answer 22

• Diploid

Question 23

Adaptations of the sperm cell:

Answer 23

Haploid nucleus - Contains one set of chromosomes because this is a gamete
Many mitochondria - Releases energy quickly for the movement of the cell
Long tail - Moves from side to side so the cell swims forward
Acrosome containing enzymes - Helps the cell burrow through the jelly like layer surrounding the egg cell

Question 24

Adaptations of the egg cell:

Answer 24

Haploid nucleus - Contains one set of chromosomes because this is a gamete
Jelly like layer hardens after the sperm cell nucleus and egg cell nucleus fuse - Helps prevent a second sperm from fertilising the egg cell
Cell membrane hardens after fertilisation - Helps prevent a second sperm from fertilising the egg cell
Large store of nutrients in the cytoplasm - Provides a source of energy for cell division and growth after fertilisation
Jelly layer surrounding the cell membrane - Protects the egg cell as it moves through the oviduct

Question 25

Adaptations of the ciliated epithelial cell:

Answer 25

Diploid nucleus - Contains two sets of chromosomes because this is a body cell Fine hair like extensions to the cell membrane - Sweep from side to side to move things across the cell surface Lines oviducts - Moves the egg cell from the ovary towards the uterus

Question 26

Adaptations of an Epithelial Cell with Microvilli:

Answer 26

Diploid nucleus - Contains two sets of chromosomes because this is a body cell Finger-like extensions of the cell surface membrane - Increases surface area of the cell so substances are absorbed more quickly Lines small intestine - Where digested food substances are absorbed into the body

Question 27

SI units in order

Answer 27

``` KM M CM MM µM NM PM ```

Question 28

What do enzymes do?

Answer 28

Speed up chemical reactions within the body

Question 29

What does protease break down?

Answer 29

A long chain of amino acids forming a protein molecule into individual amino acids. Essentially, it breaks down proteins.

Question 30

What enzyme breaks down lactose?

Answer 30

Lactase

Question 31

What does amylase do?

Answer 31

Breaks down starch into individual glucose molecules/sugars

Question 32

Why are enzymes called catalysts?

Answer 32

They can be used over and over in a reaction, and they speed up reactions

Question 33

Where is amylase found?

Answer 33

Saliva and small intestine

Question 34

What does lipase do?

Answer 34

Breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 35

Where would you find lipase?

Answer 35

Pancreas, mouth and stomach

Question 36

What is an active site?

Answer 36

A specifically shaped area where items called substrates can bind. The active site is specifically shaped so that a substrate can bind

Question 37

What happens after a substrate binds with an enzyme?

Answer 37

Something called induced fit will occur, wherein the active site can change it's shape even more and it can either build up or break down substrates that bind to it

Question 38

What happens if the ideal temperature and pH that an enzyme is suited to changes?

Answer 38

The enzyme becomes denatured, so it's shape changes, and it can no longer bind o substrates and/or do it's job correctly